Implantable Microsphere-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Promotes Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia.
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability, in which neuroinflammation exacerbates injury. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer therapeutic potential but face translational hurdles in scalable production, rapid systemic clearance, and inefficient targeted deliv...