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Yi-Zhou Xu

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#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

In-context Learning of Single-index Targets: Comparing Kernel and Feature Learners

In-context learning (ICL) enables a pretrained model to infer a task from demonstrations without updating its parameters. While much of the existing theory focuses on linear target functions, in this paper we study nonlinear cases by comparing two one-layer attention architectures on the same family of single-index tas...

Hao-Tian Gu, Yi-Zhou Xu, L. Zdeborová · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

High-Dimensional Learning Dynamics of Attention-Indexed Models

Attention mechanisms are central to modern foundation models, yet their training dynamics remain poorly understood, especially when the attention matrices have extensive rank. In this work, we study attention-indexed models, a broad framework that can represent multi-layer and multi-head attention architectures. First,...

Yizhou Xu, M. Sagitova, Lenka Zdeborová et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

Neural Quadratic Forms: A Unified Minimal Model for Sudden Learning and Scaling Laws

It is shown that a symmetry fixes what variables are: a network layer is a sum over interchangeable units, so relabeling the units leaves it unchanged; given smoothness and the condition that a unit's gradient vanish at the origin, symmetry then enforces a universal leading form for the expansion about the near-zero we...

Zi-Yin Liu, Yi-Zhou Xu, Tomaso A. Poggio et al. · 0 citations

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