Ying-Ji Ma

Combined exposure to cypermethrin and sulfamethoxazole is associated with muscle injury in grass carp through oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, MAPK activation, autophagy, and apoptosis.

The co-occurrence of pesticides and antibiotics in aquatic environments has raised increasing concern because of their potential effects on aquatic organisms. Cypermethrin (CMN) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) are representative pyrethroid pesticides and sulfonamide antibiotics, respectively, but their combined effects on f...