Lactate-Depleting Nanotherapy Reprograms the Immunometabolic Microenvironment to Overcome Biofilm Tolerance in Implant-Associated Infections.
Biofilm formation in implant-associated infections (IAIs) establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment while conferring profound antibiotic tolerance. Through multi-omics profiling of clinical IAI samples, we identify lactate as a key metabolite associated with immunosuppression within the biofilm-associated micro...