Yiping Bai

When Does Smaller Beat Larger? Accuracy Equivalence and Output Modality Advantage of Encoder-Only Models in Domain Question Answering

In domain-specific knowledge question answering (QA) for fields such as oceanography, systems face not only deployment constraints--offline operation, data sovereignty, and long-term cost control--but also a deeper, often overlooked problem: generative large language models (LLMs), as pure text generators, are architec...