The Thermodynamic and Financial Reality of AI Power Starvation: Rider's Bremsstrahlung Limit in Pulsed D-3He Fusion, Tokamak REBCO Supply-Chain Scaling, PJM/FERC Queue Bottlenecks, and Hyperscale Stranded-CapEx Risk
By 2026, generative artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure expansion has collided with hard physical and grid-regulatory walls. International Energy Agency (IEA) projections indicate global data center electricity consumption surging from 460 TWh (2024) to > 1,000 TWh by 2030 (~320 Mt CO2/yr) and 1,300 TWh by 2035...