This review provides an integrated and conceptual analysis of the HCC immune landscape, delineating the mechanistic drivers underlying immune suppression, summarizes current immune-based classification frameworks, and dissects the context-dependent functions of key immune cell populations in tumor progression.
Jia-Qian Zhang, Si-Wen Li, Xiang-Long Ma et al.· Cancer Biology and Medicine· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
The development of second primary cancers (SPCs) has become an important late effect in gastric cancer (GC) survivors, yet its incidence, risk factors, and clinical implications remain poorly defined. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of SPCs, identify clinical factors associated with SPC occur...
Xianchun Gao, Weili Han, Linbin Lu et al.· BMC Medicine· 0 citations
Together, current evidence indicates that MDSCs represent context-dependent therapeutic nodes, while functional reprogramming, spatially resolved profiling, and patient stratification may improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Lisichen Zhu, Hui Liu, Sihan Zhang et al.· Cancer Letters· 1 citation
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