GDF15 ameliorates inflammatory arthritis-associated bone destruction and pain through inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and modulation of osteoclast-derived Netrin-1/CGRP+ nerve remodeling.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive bone erosion, and persistent pain, with limited therapeutic options for comprehensive disease control. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress-responsive cytokine, has been implicated in i...