Integrated network analysis, proteomics, and experimental validation reveal the mechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of salvianolic acid A against diabetic nephropathy.
SAA exerts renoprotective effects against DN through modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy and macrophage polarization, leading to attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial dysfunction, and macrophage polarization.