Development of a predictive model for adverse outcomes after unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation using six interpretable machine learning models
Objective This study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning model incorporating clinical and radiological features to predict the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) following unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) surgery. The model was designed to facilitate p...