Open access
Sep 2026
A Tri-Phasic View of the Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis
Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is driven by microenvironmental remodeling across three interconnected phases: the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) licenses dissemination, the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) primes the brain, and the established metastatic niche sustains outgrowth through central nervous system (C...
Zi-Qing Yuan, Yan-Qing Wu, Yue Zhao et al.
· Oncology Communications · 0 citations