Comparison of liposomal bupivacaine and modified cocktail analgesia for postoperative pain control after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE Postoperative incisional pain remains a major clinical challenge after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) and modified cocktail analgesia have shown analgesic efficacy in other surgical settings, but their comparative value in TLIF remains unclear. This study compared th...