Microbiome restructuring by integrated ryegrass and earthworms accelerates 4-nitrophenol bioremediation in soil.
It is demonstrated that the joint application of ryegrass and earthworms significantly enhances the bioremediation of 4-PNP in contaminated soil, suggesting that ryegrass-earthworm interactions are associated with 4-PNP degradation through multifaceted regulation of the soil environment, offering an actionable framewor...