Black–Scholes Pricing and Market Mispricing of XSP European Index Options
This study compares Black–Scholes prices with 6,414 XSP European option quotes from August 7, 2026. The calculation uses the XSP index level, a three-month U.S. Treasury yield, an annualized dividend yield, and 20-day historical volatility from S&P 500 log returns. Signed, absolute, and absolute relative pricing errors...