Integrative analysis of gut microbiota, plasma metabolome, and gene expression identifies causal mediators in Graves’ disease pathogenesis
Background Graves’ disease (GD) is characterized by hyperthyroidism and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The “gut-thyroid axis” establishes a connection between the gut microbiota and GD, yet the underlying potential mechanisms remain unclear. This study employed Mendelian randomization to investigat...