Review
Open access
Jul 2026
Systemic regulation of rheumatoid arthritis by mesenchymal stem cells: from immune homeostasis to microbiota modulation
This review delineates how MSCs and their derived extracellular vesicles exert multifaceted anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in RA and highlights the novel ‘gut-MSC-immune’ axis, elucidating the potential pathway through which MSCs might systemically modulate immune homeostasis by influencing gut microbi...
Liujiayu Li, Jieling Wu, Yutong Wu et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 0 citations