Milk-delivered postbiotics from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 modulate the gut microbiota-SCFA-immune axis in rats compared to probiotic delivery.
Despite growing interest in postbiotics as stable alternatives to probiotics, their efficacy when delivered through food matrices and their integrated effects on the gut microbiota-metabolite-immune axis remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether postbiotic-enriched milk derived from Bifidobacterium anim...