IHRSO: An Improved Hybrid Rime–Snow Ablation Optimizer for Multi-UAV Cooperative Path Planning Under Low-Altitude Wind Conditions
Low-altitude wind fields significantly increase the complexity of multi-UAV cooperative path planning (MUAVCP) by affecting flight time, energy consumption, trajectory feasibility, and arrival coordination. To address this problem, this study establishes a three-dimensional MUAVCP model considering kinematic constraint...