Anion-participating solvation enables compositionally graded interphases for durable subzero lithium-ion batteries
Low-temperature operation remains a critical bottleneck for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), since the coupled limitations in Li+ transport, desolvation and interfacial stability severely undermine energy delivery and long-term cyclability. Here, rather than merely relying on low-freezing-point solvents to improve electro...