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Ze-Fan Cai

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Words to World: Benchmarking LLMs in Interactive Physical Environments

Words are increasingly becoming an interface for action: large language models (LLMs) can now invoke tools, operate devices, and make decisions that affect the physical world. However, current benchmarks largely evaluate LLMs through static text responses, offline tool calls, or simulated tasks, leaving open the questi...

Xin-Nan Dai, Kai-Qi Yang, Ya-Xing Li et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Universal Test-Time Training

Recent Test-Time Training (TTT) architectures compress context into fast weights that are updated online and queried as memory. Existing TTT designs keep this memory private to each layer: it recurs only over time, and depth merely indexes L separate memories. We argue that memory ownership need not be tied to depth, a...

Ze-Fan Cai, Qin-Zhe Hu, Ziqiao Ma et al. · 1 citation
Jul 2026

Multi-Head Attention Residuals

Multi-Head Attention Residuals (MHAR) is introduced: the routing query is reshaped into H per-subspace heads, each with its own softmax over the depth history, and a direct probe of the trained queries confirms that learned subspace disagreement is the underlying driver.

Cheng Luo, Zefan Cai, Jun-Jie Hu · 1 citation

Test-Time Training with Next-Token Prediction

Test-Time Training with Next-Token Prediction (TTT-NTP), a drop-in fast-weight adaptation method for pretrained LLMs that instead supervises updates using the model's own next contextual hidden state, while preserving commonsense and knowledge performance.

Xuan Ouyang, Zefan Cai, Junjie Hu · 0 citations
Jul 2026

Chimera: Designing and Chinchilla-Scaling Hybrid Visual Diffusion Transformers

Chimera, a hybrid visual diffusion backbone with a principled scaling recipe that combines Kimi Delta Attention for long-context state tracking with O(N) complexity, interleaved Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) for direct global interaction, and modality-aware short convolutions for local spatiotemporal context is int...

Chongjian Ge, Hanwen Jiang, Tianyu Wang et al. · 2 citations

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