Zhao-Hu Xie

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Trained Immunity of Monocyte–Macrophage Populations in Osteoarthritis: Potential Molecular Links and Therapeutic Opportunities

Osteoarthritis (OA) is now widely discussed as a whole-joint immunometabolic disease involving cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone, rather than as cartilage degeneration driven only by mechanical stress. Tissue injury, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix degradation can lead to the per...