Open access
Sep 2026
Large Language Model-Derived Spatial Embedding for Revealing Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption: An Urban–Rural Case
Conditional, location-level associations are described for the sampled fleet and season of private EVs operating in Shanghai from October to December 2020, integrating about 29 million high-resolution GPS records with multi-source built-environment data.
C. Yin, Li-Fu Jin, Zhe Zhang
· ISPRS International Journal... · 0 citations