Open access
Aug 2026
Development and validation of a scale on the difficulties of AI technology integration in teaching for primary and secondary school teachers
The lack of a comprehensive, theoretically grounded measurement instrument has constrained the systematic diagnosis of multidimensional barriers faced by K−12 teachers in integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into instruction. To address this gap, this study developed and validated a multidimensional scale based on...
Shoujun Qiao, Yong Nie, Fuhe Niu et al.
· Frontiers in Psychology · 0 citations