Review
Open access
Jul 2026
Frontier research and clinical application prospects of microbiome biomarkers in autoimmune diseases
An operational definition of microbiome biomarkers as measurable microbiome-associated features reflecting disease susceptibility, activity, prognosis, or therapeutic response is proposed and categorize them into three classes: taxonomic, functional/metabolic, and host–microbiome interaction-derived biomarkers.
Qianqian He, Pinjun Zhang, Zhen-Ni Chen et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 1 citation