Global, Regional, and National Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease–Associated Heart Failure: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study from 1990 to 2021 with Projections up to 2050
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is strongly linked to heart failure (HF), but comprehensive global evaluations of COPD-associated HF remain limited. Methods Using Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data, we assessed prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of COPD-associated HF. We app...