PD-L1+ neutrophils at the invasive margin drive contact-dependent CD8+ T cell exhaustion in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis
It is demonstrated that PD-L1-expressing neutrophils at the HAE invasivefront contribute importantly to localized CD8 T cell exhaustion via direct cell-cell contact, and disrupting this crosstalk represents a promising targeted strategy to restore host protective immunity against parasitic infection.