An integrated LC-HRMS workflow for anti-doping-relevant characterization of lapisteride metabolism in vivo and in vitro.
An integrated LC-HRMS-based workflow combining human liver microsomal incubation, CYP450 isoform verification, rat administration, multi-matrix sampling, LC-Q-TOF-MS metabolite identification, and urine/bile untargeted metabolomics is established, providing systematic evidence for lapisteride metabolism.