Spaceborne GNSS-R Soil Moisture Retrieval over Expansive Soils Using an Attention-Enhanced Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution Network
Expansive soils are rich in hydrophilic clay minerals, and repeated wetting–drying cycles can induce deformation that threatens infrastructure safety. Therefore, accurate monitoring of soil moisture (SM) dynamics is essential for understanding hydro-mechanical processes and assessing related geohazards. In this study,...