Zi-Kang Liu

Hallmarks of acute kidney injury: molecular endotypes, precision phenotyping, and phase-adapted therapy

Summary Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome for which creatinine and urine output incompletely represent underlying biology and temporal evolution. We organise AKI pathophysiology into four interconnected dimensions: initiation and effector injury; cell fate and immune microenvironment; repair and out...