Author

Zirui Ding

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Preprint Oct 2026

Uncovering Why LLMs Fail: From Internal Mechanisms to Adversarial Reasoning Trajectories

Large language models (LLMs) are usually evaluated by final-output correctness or safety, yet an endpoint label does not reveal how a failure develops throughout the reasoning process. We therefore ask whether ordinary reasoning failures and adversarially induced failures can be characterized using the same internal co...

Zi-Rui Ding, Xin-Xin Fan, Hao Yuan et al. · 0 citations

Jul 2026

Penelope: Localized Latent Recurrence for Efficient Structured Reasoning

Penelope is introduced, an efficient latent-reasoning framework for pretrained decoder-only Transformers that localizes recurrent computation to a selected decoder interval and attains competitive accuracy relative to established latent-reasoning models while reducing measured inference latency.

Yutong Chen, Shouqian Shi, Xin-Ran Liu et al. · arXiv.org · 0 citations