Cardiorenal Syndrome in Cardiogenic Shock: Contemporary Pathophysiology, Hemodynamic Principles, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) represents a complex bidirectional interaction between the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic failure of one organ precipitates dysfunction in the other. CRS occurring in the setting of cardiogenic shock (CS), or CRS-CS, remains one of the most severe manifestations, contributing subs...