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artificial intelligence

19,710 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Where Cross-Question Structure in LLM Errors Comes From: Shared Seeds, Shared Prompts, and Answer-Letter Preference

Disagreement between language models is often read as missing knowledge. Questions that need the same missing knowledge should then be right or wrong together. We test for this structure with the eigenvalues of the questions' correlation matrix. Within one model, independently drawn answers show no detectable structure...

Izhar Ali · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

JANUS: Foreseeing Latent Risk for Long-Horizon Agent Safety

Agent safety is moving from content moderation toward preventing operational failures before tool-using agents act. We propose Janus, a foresight-oriented framework for long-horizon agent safety that trains guards to anticipate delayed risks from partial trajectories. Janus synthesizes diverse agent trajectories via mu...

Yuan Xiong, Linji Hao, Shizhu He et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DeepSafe-SciHazard: A Benchmark for Measuring Scientific Safety Risks with Decomposed Harm Scoring

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly support science, but they can also convert hazardous scientific knowledge into actionable misuse guidance. Existing benchmarks often rely on templated queries disconnected from real-world hazards, and employ LLM-as-a-Judge paradigms without domain grounding. To address this, we...

Chunxiao Li, Yuan Xiong, Lijun Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Attractor Domain Theory: A Mathematical Framework for Cardiovascular Attractor Analysis with Wearable Photoplethysmography (PPG) Validation

The cardiac attractor provides a phase-space representation of cardiovascular dynamics reconstructed from scalar observations under standard delay-embedding conditions. We introduce Attractor Domain Theory (ADT), a theory in which linked mathematical transformations expose distinct properties of reconstructed dynamics:...

Timothy Oladunni, Farouk Ganiyu Adewumi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AlphaMemo: Structured Search-Process Memory for Self-Evolving Alpha Mining Agents

LLM agents are promising for alpha mining via combining financial priors, symbolic reasoning, executable factor generation, and feedback-driven refinement. Yet, they face a combinatorial search space, noisy non-stationary feedback, redundant discoveries, and overfitting risks from naively reusing past successes. To add...

Hang Yu, Zifan Zheng, Chun Gan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DeFAb: A Dataset for Grounded Scientific Discovery through Defeasible Abduction

A theory can accommodate a counterexample by adding an exception. The harder problem is deciding how far the exception should extend and which predictions should survive. We present DeFAb, a dataset and symbolic verification framework built from curated biological knowledge in the Gene Ontology. Models fill gaps in a t...

Patrick Cooper, Avyay Sadhu, Alvaro Velasquez · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Trust the Right Teacher: Quality-Aware Self-Distillation for GUI Grounding

GUI grounding requires vision-language models (VLMs) to identify small target elements in high-resolution screenshots and predict precise screen coordinates. On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) is a promising post-training approach for this coordinate-sensitive task because it provides dense token-level teacher signals...

Jingyuan Huang, Zuming Huang, Yucheng Shi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Architecture-Aware Reinforcement Learning Makes Sliding-Window Attention Competitive in Math Reasoning

The rapid progress of reasoning and agentic large language models (LLMs) has increased the demand for long-context inference, but self-attention (SA) scales quadratically with context length. To address this, we study SWARR (Sliding-Window Attention with Reinforced Adaptation for Math Reasoning), a practical recipe f...

Kai Liu, Peijie Dong, Xinchen Xie et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SkillPyramid: A Hierarchical Skill Consolidation Framework for Self-Evolving Agents

Recent AI agents can flexibly invoke skills to solve complex tasks, but their long-term improvement is fundamentally constrained by a lack of systematic skill construction, accumulation, and transfer. In particular, without a unified framework for skill consolidation, agents tend to redundantly construct similar capabi...

Yuan Xiong, Ziqi Miao, Qian Chen et al. · 0 citations

Probe Before You Edit: Probing-Guided Molecular Optimization for LLM Agents in Structure-Based Drug Design

inspired by medicinal chemists, who probe the pocket-ligand complex with controlled analog edits before choosing an optimization direction, PROBE is proposed, an optimization framework built around edit--response probing that achieves state-of-the-art performance and substantially mitigates the failure modes exposed by...

Zai-Fei Yang, Wei-Yu Chen, Ya-Qing Wang et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Same Answer, Different Confidence: Protocol Sensitivity in LLM Confidence Calibration

Large language models (LLM) can state their confidence in an answer (verbalized confidence), or the confidence can be read from the probability of the answer's tokens (token confidence). Comparisons of the two ask which is better calibrated, but the token probability of an answer depends on the text that precedes it. A...

Hankyeol Kim, Pilsung Kang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can Broad Biomedical Knowledge be Contextualized into Scenario-Grounded Propositions?

Biomedical discovery often requires connecting broad biomedical knowledge with specific experimental or clinical data. Background knowledge suggests relevant mechanisms but is usually too general to map directly onto dataset variables, while data-driven patterns can be dataset-specific and hard to interpret mechanistic...

Qingyuan Zeng, Ziyang Chen, Pengxiang Cai et al. · 0 citations

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