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#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Readout Scaling Shapes Sparse Feature Recovery

Readout scaling changes what a sparse autoencoder (SAE) learns, but the benefit of removing it depends on the data. We use readout-canonicalized decision-space (RC-DS) coordinates to remove singular-value gains while preserving retained decision information. At a fixed readout condition number, changing the generating...

Brain Xiao, Sarah Wilson · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Learning Perturbation-Specific Representations through Conditional Energy Prior for Cellular Response Prediction

AI-based cellular perturbation prediction is essential to accelerate drug discovery and therapeutic identification. However, perturbation-specific signals are generally obscured by cellular complexity, making it difficult for existing methods to correctly capture perturbation effects. To address this problem, we propos...

Yu-Chen Yan, Ya-Tao Bian · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

STAMP as a topology-aware molecular language for fragment-level learning and editing

Molecular fragments provide chemically meaningful units, but existing molecular languages rarely make their locations and connections explicit for editing. Here we introduce STAMP (Sequential Tree Attachment-based Motif-Preserving representation), a topology-aware molecular language that connects fragment-level represe...

Yuxuan Ren, Jia-Tong Li, Ziqiao Meng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

How Well Do LLMs Perform in Peer Review? Evidence from Finance and Accounting

Referees increasingly use large language models (LLMs), while finance and accounting journals disagree about whether to allow it. We ask which part of a referee's job the models can do. GPT-4o, whose training data end before the 2024 conference season, referees the papers presented at the 2024 AFA and NBER finance meet...

Hai Lu, Yi-Chen Luo, Lu-Ping Yu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

FedGraph: Defending Federated Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Against Backdoor Attacks via Graph-Based Aggregation

Federated fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) allows multiple clients to collaboratively adapt models without sharing raw data, offering strong privacy benefits. However, this setting is highly vulnerable to backdoor attacks, in which malicious clients manipulate their updates to induce targeted behaviors while...

Xi Chen, Chun-Yi Zhou, Rui Zeng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agaram 2.5B: The First Tamil-First Language Model Trained from Scratch with Tool Calling. A Playbook for Under-Represented Languages

We trained Agaram 2.5B, a 2.5-billion-parameter Tamil-English language model, from scratch on about 50 billion tokens (58% Tamil, the rest English, math, code and parallel text) on one node of eight H100 GPUs in about six days, with a new tokenizer that, unlike our first model's, keeps line breaks. Supervised fine-tuni...

Ramchand Kumaresan, Madhusudhanan G, Kaushik Kezendirane · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Resource-Efficient 3D Shape and Orientation Estimation of Road Users using Roadside RGB Camera and 3D Radar

End-to-end deep learning pipelines for camera-radar 3D object detection are well established in driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles; however, adapting them to roadside-mounted infrastructure presents significant challenges. On vehicles, sensor heights, pitch angles, and relative geometries remain largely...

Shiva Agrawal, Savankumar Bhanderi, Gordon Elger · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Do Factuality Methods Make LLMs More Factual? Reproducibility and Fair Comparison

Large Language Models (LLMs) are aligned to human preferences, after pre-training and supervised fine-tuning steps. However, standard RL alignment steps such as RLHF do not focus on factuality of LLMs, hence they may generate non-factual information, which could result in unintended consequences. In response, a number...

Pratuat Amatya, Vinay Setty, V. Venktesh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Not All Drift Is a Mechanism: Tracing Prompt Adaptation in LLMs

Prompt-based adaptation offers several ways to specialize a frozen language model, ranging from natural-language prompt optimization to learned continuous prompts. These methods are usually compared through downstream performance, although similar outputs need not arise from similar internal computations. We study how...

Mikhail Aleksandrov, Nail Bashirov, M. Ivanov et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Graph-free Retrieval with Graph-Modified Embeddings

Dense vector retrieval can miss evidence connected through intermediate entities, while direct graph retrieval requires access to the graph at query time. We compare five offline graph-based embedding transformations and strategies for using the resulting graph-modified embeddings alongside the originals, without query...

Federica Santi, Vasilije Markovic, Daniel Scott et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

PRISM: Calibrating Black-Box Judges with Counterfactual Probes

Large language models are increasingly used as judges to reduce reliance on costly human evaluation, yet their scores can systematically disagree with human judgments. We ask whether responses to an explicitly imposed evaluative bias can help correct a judge's implicit scoring biases. We introduce PRISM (Probe-based Re...

Kakei Yamamoto, So Kuroki · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Urbex: Agentic Spatial Grounding for City-Scale 3D Scenes

City-scale 3D grounding is commonly formulated as candidate ranking, which requires precomputed instance proposals and becomes inefficient in large outdoor scenes. We propose Urbex, an agentic vision-language framework that instead casts grounding as active spatial search. Urbex represents a city-scale 3D scene as an i...

Yu Wang, Rui Dai, Wei Chen et al. · 0 citations

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Hugging Face Blog Nov 10, 2026

Decision Models in Hugging Face

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