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computer vision

3,798 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Dataset Identity, Not Novelty: The Source of an Inflated OOD Detection Gain

A post-hoc out-of-distribution (OOD) detector reads the activations of a trained classifier and returns a score. It fits that score on in-distribution data, and the benchmarks that evaluate it supply a second piece of OOD data for the fitting itself. Some detectors tune a constant on it. Others fit a direction in featu...

Donghoon Lee, Shinjin Kang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Platonic Task Arithmetic

Distinct pre-trained models specialized for the same task converge to closely similar behavior, yet the parameter updates that produce it share no common coordinate system. Weight-space task arithmetic is therefore confined to a single model, and transporting an update between models requires a structural correspondenc...

Junghwan Park, Woojin Cho · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Fast and Disentangled Counterfactuals for Visual Foundation Models

Foundation models remain vulnerable to spurious correlations and ``Clever Hans'' strategies. Explainable machine learning can find and remove such strategies for classifiers without metadata. For foundation models, no such option exists yet. We propose Disentangled Diffusion Autoencoders (DiDAE). DiDAE wraps a frozen f...

Sidney Bender, Benedikt Kunz, Ahmed Zeid et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Signal-Noise Factorization Isolates Nuisance Variation into Removable Subspaces

Recent theoretical work identified fundamental properties of representation geometry that shape inference ability of deep neural networks. These include signal-noise factorization (SNF), the ability to segregate signal from noise, and signal-signal factorization (SSF), the ability to segregate task-specific and task-ir...

Sakin Kirti, Joel Zylberberg · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Curvature Under Attack in hZACH-ViT: Gauge Symmetry, Boundary Saturation, and Adversarial Failure

Curvature is often treated as an intrinsic property of a representation, although its empirical effect also depends on coordinate scale, learned logit temperature, and numerical safeguards. We study this interaction in hZACH-ViT, a compact Vision Transformer with Euclidean, Poincare, and spherical prototype heads. The...

Athanasios Angelakis, M. Gomez-Barrero · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Right In-Place (RiP) Convolution: A Simple, General, and Near-Optimal Strategy for Memory-Efficient CNN Inference

Activation memory, not compute, limits CNN inference on constrained hardware such as microcontrollers. Direct in-place convolution removes the dual-buffer cost, but the memory-optimal formulation of Gural and Murmann assumes valid padding, unit stride, unit dilation, and odd square kernels, and needs a non-sequential t...

Opegbemi Matthias Busoye, Tolulope Matthew Busoye, Eghonghon-aye Eigbe · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Uncertainty-Aware RL-Controlled Adaptive 3D Mapping

Voxel-based volumetric mapping is fundamental to 3D reconstruction, yet fixed-resolution grids remain inherently inefficient - wasting memory in uniform regions and losing detail in complex ones. Existing adaptive methods, such as MAP-ADAPT, partially address this by varying resolution based on geometry and user-define...

Alpay Ozkan, T. Aydın, M. Pollefeys et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FuncBridge: Towards Functional Tool-Use Generalization via Keypoint Trajectory Reasoning

While humans readily repurpose a book, a stone, or a shoe to drive a nail, robots trained on specific tools fail to transfer the same function to novel ones -- a gap we formalize as functional generalization. Functionally equivalent tools share visually recognizable functional intent, such as where contact can occur an...

Chuhao Zhou, Liquan Wang, Shuxin Cao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Vision-language models for chest radiography do not always need the image

Vision-language models that answer questions about chest radiographs are evaluated by their accuracy on labels derived from radiology reports. High benchmark accuracy is often interpreted as evidence that the model uses the image. A model that answers from the finding named in the question can score as well as a model...

Mahshad Lotfinia, Sebastian Ziegelmayer, Lisa Adams et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DynGhost: Temporally-Modelled Transformer for Dynamic Ghost Imagings

Ghost imaging reconstructs spatial information from a single-pixel bucket detector by correlating structured illumination patterns with scalar intensity measurements. While deep learning approaches have achieved promising results on static scenes, two critical limitations remain unaddressed: existing architectures fail...

Vittorio Palladino, Ahmet Enis Cetin · 0 citations

LensVLM: Selective Context Expansion for Compressed Visual Representation of Text

LensVLM is proposed, an inference framework and post-training recipe that enables VLMs to scan compressed images, then selectively expand only the relevant images to their uncompressed form via learned tools, and validates this approach: training makes visual compression robust to rendering choices, and as compression...

Roy Xie, Dan Friedman, Donghan Yu et al. · 3 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Back into Plato's Cave: Examining Cross-modal Representational Convergence at Scale

The Platonic Representation Hypothesis posits that neural networks trained on different modalities (e.g., text and images) converge toward a shared representation of reality. If true, this has significant implications for whether modality choice matters at all. In this paper, we show that the evidence for this claim is...

A. Sophia Koepke, Daniil Zverev, Shiry Ginosar et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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