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computer vision

3,920 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

You Cannot Recover What Was Never Measured: Quantifying the Information Ceiling of Ultra-Low-Field MRI Super-Resolution

Generative super-resolution models can turn portable 64 mT MRI into images that look like 3T scans, and the field evaluates them with PSNR, SSIM, and pixelwise uncertainty, most often on pairs built by synthetically degrading high-field images. Prior work acknowledges that these models hallucinate and that the problem...

Prathamesh Pradeep Khole, Shreya Handa, Utkarsh Gupta et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Seeing What Should Be Heard: Diagnosing and Repairing Cross-Modal Shortcuts in Omni-Modal LLMs

DMC-Repair is proposed, which trains models on the same kind of cross-modal swapped samples while assigning supervision according to the modality specified by the question, and reduces the image-induced share of the answer effect by 59.9%, effectively suppressing the cross-modal shortcut without compromising audio-ques...

Yue-Ran Ma, Ronghao Lin · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Losing the name before the box: measuring and repairing what narrow fine-tuning costs a detector outside its deployment vocabulary

A detector pretrained on a broad corpus is fine-tuned on a narrow domain, its in-domain accuracy improves, and it ships. We ask what happens meanwhile to its coverage of objects the vocabulary never names, which in obstacle detection and inspection carry the risk. No in-domain test set holds an example of one. We give...

Trung Minh Bui, Jongsul Moon, YoungOuk Kim et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

CAMEO: A Class-Activation-Mapped Equitable Overlay Framework for Fair and Robust Deep Learning-based Skin Condition Diagnosis

CAMEO (Class Activation Mapped Equitable Overlay), a framework that improves skin-lesion classification by selecting stable model explanations and using them to separate lesions from their backgrounds, is introduced, which shows that reducing reliance on background information improves robustness.

Youssef Attia, D. Mukherjee · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

StructRL: Online Structured Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Vision-Language-Action Tasks

Vision-language-action (VLA) models perform well on shorter-horizon manipulation tasks but still struggle with long-horizon tasks that require multiple dependent manipulations from a single command. Online reinforcement learning (RL) can improve these policies through environment interaction, yet many existing methods...

Zi-Yi Yin, Sang-Min Woo, Kang Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

One-Step Next-Latent Prediction Is Not a World Model

Next-latent prediction fits a map from the current embedding to the next one. LeNEPA carries this objective to time series, replacing the stop-gradient of next-embedding prediction with the isotropy penalty of LeJEPA. A world model is a transition kernel that can be rolled out. The one-step regression identifies a cond...

Shi-Tong Wang, Zhongang Cai, Yu Hong · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Exploring Learning Models for Topological Relationship Recognition from Image Data

Figuring out how objects relate to each other, like whether they touch, overlap, stay completely separate or one sits inside another, matters a lot in fields like GIS, biomedical imaging, and robotics. Even though machine learning has come a long way, people haven't really focused on spotting these topological relation...

Saptak Das, Monidipa Das · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Hardware-Aware Functional Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Efficient Medical Image Enhancement and Segmentation

Functional Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (FunKAN) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on MRI Gibbs artifact removal and anatomical segmentation, but their 11.6 M parameters and 8.7 GFLOPs are too large for edge medical devices. We present FunKANLite, a two-stage, hardware-aware compression of FunKAN for point-of-care use. F...

Mohammad Sadegh Sirjani · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

PrototypeNAS: Rapid Design of Deep Neural Networks for Microcontroller Units

Enabling efficient deep neural network (DNN) inference on edge devices with different hardware constraints is a challenging task that typically requires DNN architectures to be specialized for each device separately. To avoid the huge manual effort, one can use neural architecture search (NAS). However, many existing N...

Mark Deutel, Simon Geis, Axel Plinge · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Procedural Core: A Compact Recurrent Initialization for Vision Transformers

Transformers are typically trained from random initialization, requiring all their capabilities to emerge from large-scale optimization. Recent work showed that a small amount of abstract procedurally generated data can help acquire generic inductive structure at low cost. However, this adds a pretraining stage that mu...

Zachary Shinnick, Christian Intern\`o, Hemanth Saratchandran et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Scaling Full Conformal Image Classifiers

Targeted Full Conformal Prediction (T-FCP) is introduced, which uses a lightweight inductive conformal predictor to prune unlikely labels and applies FCP only to the remaining candidates, reducing computation while retaining the formal guarantee of the combined conformal procedure.

Julio Silva-Rodríguez, E. Konukoglu · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

PE-OPSD: Internalizing Prompt Enhancement into Flow-matching Models via On-Policy Self-Distillation

Text-to-image users often provide concise and underspecified prompts, whereas generative models benefit from detailed textual conditions for reliable instruction following. Existing systems bridge this gap with Prompt Enhancers (PEs) that rewrite raw prompts at inference time, introducing additional latency and leaving...

Mingfeng Lin, Chengfei Cai, Lin Xu et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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