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3,687 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

H-OPD: Confidence Aware Heterogeneous Multi-Teacher Multimodal On-policy Distillation

On-policy distillation (OPD) has recently emerged as an effective post-training paradigm by providing supervision on student-generated trajectories. However, existing OPD methods for multimodal reasoning usually rely on a static teacher routing, assigning each sample to a single teacher based on modality or task type....

Qixiang Yin, Huanjin Yao, Yuchen Cai et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Lesion-DDPM: Lesion-Enhanced 3D Diffusion for MS MRI Synthesis

3D FLAIR MRI is widely recommended as one of the standard MRI sequences for brain imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS), but publicly available MS datasets remain relatively small and vary across scanners, acquisition protocols, and lesion patterns. This scarcity and variability hinder the development of robust neuroimagi...

Weidong Zhang, Yongchan Jung, Shafayat Mowla Anik et al. · 0 citations

Vision2Code: A Multi-Domain Benchmark for Evaluating Image-to-Code Generation

Vision2Code is introduced, a multi-domain, reference-code-free benchmark containing 539 test examples from 15 different datasets, spanning charts and plots, geometry, graphs, scientific diagrams, documents and 3D spatial scenes, which highlights the variability across domains of existing image-to-code generation models...

Ajay Vikram Periasami, Junling Wang, Bhuwan Dhingra · 3 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RPP: A Certified Poisoned-Sample Detection Framework for Backdoor Attacks under Dataset Imbalance

Deep neural networks are highly susceptible to backdoor attacks, yet most defense methods to date rely on balanced data, overlooking the pervasive class imbalance in real-world scenarios that can amplify backdoor threats. This paper presents the first in-depth investigation of how the dataset imbalance amplifies backdo...

Miao Lin, Feng Yu, Rui Ning et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FlowAWR: Online Adaptive Flow Reinforcement via Advantage-Weighted Rectification

Aligning generative flow models on continuous spaces via online reinforcement learning is constrained by intractable trajectory likelihoods. Existing density-approximated policy gradient methods rely on stochastic SDE samplers to construct tractable transition kernels, which introduce training-inference inconsistencies...

Zheming Fu, Ruizhe He, Wei Shang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

VLA-FAIL: Efficient Task Failure Detection for Finetuned Vision-Language-Action Models

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on many robotic manipulation tasks, yet they can still behave unpredictably in out-of-distribution scenarios. Runtime failure detection is therefore essential for the safe real-world deployment of VLAs.However, existing task failure detectors req...

Florian Seligmann, Emiliyan Gospodinov, Enes Ulas Dincer et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Playing the network backward: A Game Theoretic Attribution Framework

Attribution methods explain which input features drive a model's prediction, making them central to model debugging and mechanistic interpretability. Yet backward attribution methods, including gradients, LRP, and transformer-specific rules, lack a shared framework in which to compare the underlying backward calculatio...

Jakob Paul Zimmermann, Jim Berend, Georg Loho et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

EmbodiTTA: Resource-Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Embodied Visual Systems

Continual Test-time adaptation (CTTA) continuously adapts the deployed model on every incoming batch of data. While achieving optimal accuracy, existing CTTA approaches present poor real-world applicability on resource-constrained edge devices, due to the substantial memory overhead and energy consumption. In this work...

Xiao Ma, Young D. Kwon, Dong Ma · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Dream to Remember: Continual Steering of Generalist Robot Policies with World Models

Generalist robot policies are trained with imitation learning and are bounded by the quality and coverage of their demonstrations. Reinforcement learning can improve and extend them, either by fine-tuning the policy weights or by training a small module to steer the input noise of a frozen generative policy. When tasks...

Bahey Tharwat, Iman Nematollahi, Marvin Alles et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Shortcut Learning in Geospatial Foundation Model Embeddings for Cross-Disaster Damage Assessment

Geospatial foundation models can support disaster damage assessment, but high accuracy on familiar disasters may hide shortcut learning: prediction from event or scene characteristics rather than evidence that transfers to a new disaster. We study embeddings from TerraMind, Prithvi-EO-2.0, DOFA, and DINOv3 on the multi...

Ali Shibli, A. Nascetti, Yi-Fang Ban · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

X-AVDD: Cross-Attentive Audio-Visual Dataset Distillation

Audio-visual dataset distillation aims to synthesize a small dataset from a large paired audio-visual dataset, while nearly preserving the training utility for neural networks. Existing approaches such as DM and AVDD face two critical limitations: 1) they are memory-intensive, making them difficult to scale to complex...

Saumyaranjan Mohanty, Aravind Reddy, Konda Reddy Mopuri · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RARA: Robust Policy Fine-Tuning through Retrieval-Anchored Representation Alignment for Robotic Manipulation

Pre-trained robot policies, such as Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, provide a strong foundation for generalist robotic manipulation, but adapting them to new tasks with only a few demonstrations remains challenging. Directly fine-tuning a pre-trained policy often achieves strong in-distribution performance, yet it...

Xuhui Kang, Sung-Wook Lee, Yan Zhuang et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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