Federated learning (FL) offers a promising approach to training machine learning models on decentralized data sources without directly exchanging the data itself. However, existing FL systems are susceptible to Byzantine attacks, where malicious participants can inject faulty model updates, compromising the global model's integrity. This paper proposes a novel decentralized federated learning framework incorporating Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols. Our system utilizes cryptographic consensus mechanisms to validate and authenticate model updates from each participant before aggregation, thereby mitigating the risks posed by Byzantine nodes. The core innovation lies in the integration of FL with robust BFT consensus, ensuring secure and reliable model training even when faced with adversarial behavior. We introduce a framework utilizing verifiable computation and consensus-based proofs to achieve this. This approach allows for the detection and rejection of malicious updates, ultimately leading to a more trustworthy and resilient global model. The system is designed for scalability and adaptability, addressing key challenges in practical FL deployments. The key mathematical concepts underlying the system are represented through the following notation: (x_i, m_i), where x_i represents the data sample from participant i, and m_i represents the model update generated by participant i. The aggregation function is denoted as (Σ_{i=1}^K (α_i * m_i)), where α_i represents the learning rate for participant i, and K is the total number of participants. The BFT consensus protocol relies on a threshold number of participants (T) to reach agreement, and the proof of correctness is represented as P(m_true, m_agg), where m_true is the true global model, and m_agg is the aggregated model. Byzantine faults are represented as f_i, where f_i is the faulty model update from participant i. The probability of a successful consensus is denoted as P_success. The security level is characterized by the parameter β, representing the probability of successfully detecting a Byzantine update.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
The rapid expansion of IoT deployments has created an attack surface that conventional intrusion detection systems are ill-equipped to defend.Centralized deep learning approaches compromise data privacy, while existing federated methods stop detection without addressing what the network should do next.This paper proposes a twostage framework that closes both gaps.In Stage 1, a federated CNN-BiLSTM-SGB model trained across eight non-IID clients produces a calibrated attack probability per flow, achieving a ROC-AUC of 0.9950 and an attack F1-score of 0.9924 on the CIC IoT Dataset 2023.In Stage 2, a dueling DDQN agent conditioned on that probability selects among six operational responses under the ATSR reward function, which weights penalties by attack severity and detection confidence.The agent reached a primary action accuracy of 97.73% and an attack-ALLOW rate of just 1.04%, with the highest accuracy recorded for the most dangerous threat categories.Together, the two stages demonstrate that federated data-local intrusion detection and severity-aware automated response can operate within a single coherent pipeline.
Anaam Ghanim Hilal, Nawfal Turki Obeis· International journal of int...· 0 citations
This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of traditional and artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques across the complete autonomous UAV navigation pipeline, including environmental perception, localization and mapping, path planning and obstacle avoidance, and motion control. It systematically examines recent advances in computer vision, SLAM, deep reinforcement learning, transformer-based methods, multimodal sensor fusion, and intelligent control, together with commonly used datasets, simulation platforms, and evaluation practices. The comparative analysis identifies hybrid AI architectures as the most promising direction for practical autonomous UAV navigation, as they combine the reliability and interpretability of conventional navigation methods with the adaptability and learning capabilities of AI-based approaches. The review further identifies computational and energy constraints, safety and explainability, robust multimodal sensor fusion, cybersecurity, and simulation-to-real transfer as major barriers to large-scale real-world deployment. Emerging technologies, including foundation models, vision-language models, edge AI, federated learning, digital twins, and swarm intelligence, are also examined as potential enablers of next-generation UAV autonomy. By integrating these findings across perception, localization, planning, and control within a unified framework, this review clarifies the current technological trade-offs, highlights the key barriers to real-world deployment, and provides specific research priorities for developing safe, adaptive, computationally efficient, and scalable autonomous UAV navigation systems.
Taha Mahmood, Ali Ahmed Mirza· Scientific journal of engine...· 0 citations
This paper explores the application of federated learning (FL) as a novel approach to privacy-preserving data analysis. Traditional data analysis methods often require centralized data collection, raising significant privacy concerns. Federated learning offers a compelling alternative by enabling collaborative model training without direct data sharing. The core claim of this work is the utilization of FL to conduct data analysis while safeguarding user privacy. The proposed mechanism involves constructing a FL framework where participants train models locally on their own datasets and subsequently aggregate model parameters. This process ensures that raw data remains decentralized, mitigating privacy risks. We delve into the technical aspects of FL, focusing on key considerations such as model aggregation techniques, communication efficiency, and privacy guarantees. The research contributes to a growing body of work in decentralized learning and provides a framework for addressing privacy challenges in various data-intensive applications. The primary goal is to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of FL for secure and collaborative data analysis. ---
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
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This paper presents a novel approach to generative modeling by integrating Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with Federated Learning (FL). Traditional GAN training suffers from centralized data requirements and privacy concerns. This research addresses these limitations through a distributed GAN architecture specifically designed for federated environments. The core idea is to train the generator and discriminator models concurrently across multiple devices (clients) without directly sharing their raw data. Instead, each client performs local GAN training and only shares model updates with a central server. This approach maintains data privacy while enabling the generation of high-quality synthetic data. The architecture utilizes a client-server framework where clients contribute to the global model through iterative updates. The proposed system aims to achieve superior performance compared to traditional GANs, particularly in scenarios with limited data and stringent privacy requirements. We explore the optimization strategies for the federated GAN training process, including addressing issues like non-IID data and model divergence. The theoretical framework and the proposed architecture are presented, outlining the key components and their interactions. Experimental results (simulated) demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach in generating realistic synthetic data.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Federated learning (FL) offers a promising approach to training machine learning models on decentralized data sources without direct data sharing, thus addressing privacy concerns. However, FL is still susceptible to privacy breaches and suffers from significant information loss during model aggregation, a phenomenon addressed by the information bottleneck (IB) principle. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates the IB technique with differential privacy (DP) within the FL setting. We formulate the problem as a constrained optimization, minimizing information loss while simultaneously satisfying DP guarantees. Our approach utilizes a compressed representation of local data, learned through an IB objective, and introduces noise to protect individual data points, ensuring privacy. The core contribution lies in the synergistic combination of these two techniques, leading to enhanced privacy protection and improved model accuracy compared to standard FL. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework through a theoretical analysis and outline potential implementation strategies. The primary goal is to achieve a balance between model performance and privacy preservation, a critical aspect often overlooked in current FL methodologies. The theoretical framework provides a foundation for future research and practical deployment in privacy-sensitive applications.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Federated learning (FL) offers a promising approach to training machine learning models on decentralized data sources without directly exchanging data. However, FL systems are vulnerable to Byzantine attacks, where malicious participants can inject faulty model updates, compromising model accuracy and potentially causing significant harm. This paper proposes a novel framework for distributed federated learning with Byzantine fault tolerance, utilizing a blockchain-based verification layer. Our system employs a distributed consensus mechanism on a blockchain to validate model updates generated by participating nodes. This approach provides a robust, trustless environment, guaranteeing data integrity and ensuring model accuracy even in the presence of malicious actors. The core claim is the implementation of FL systems with Byzantine fault tolerance through blockchain verification. The core mechanism involves local model training followed by blockchain recording of updates and distributed consensus verification. This work represents a significant advancement by integrating the benefits of FL with the security and immutability offered by blockchain technology. We demonstrate a viable path toward building resilient and reliable FL systems for diverse applications.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising paradigm for training machine learning models on decentralized data sources without directly exchanging data. However, existing FL frameworks are susceptible to various vulnerabilities, including privacy breaches through information leakage and attacks from Byzantine clients attempting to compromise the learning process. This paper proposes a novel distributed FL framework that integrates differential privacy (DP) and Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) mechanisms to address these challenges comprehensively. Our approach employs advanced DP techniques to rigorously limit the information revealed by individual clients during model updates, while simultaneously utilizing BFT algorithms to detect and mitigate the influence of malicious or faulty clients. The resulting system demonstrates improved security, enhanced privacy guarantees, and robustness against adversarial attacks, making it a significant advancement in the field of secure and reliable distributed learning. The core of our work lies in the synergistic combination of these two crucial techniques, providing a layered defense against potential threats in FL environments. We detail the mathematical formulations underlying our approach and provide a theoretical analysis of its performance.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
ABSTRACT This paper explores an AI‐assisted resource scheduling and cooperative learning model in a space–air–ground combined network (SAGIN) to possess ultra‐reliable low‐latency Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications. The generated healthcare data by the IoMT devices are processed by three levels in the considered scenario including the LEO satellites, the UAV swarms, and the ground MEC servers and adhere to strict latency, reliability, and privacy requirements. We aim at designing a multi‐tier resource allocation policy and federated learning policy that coordinates end‐to‐end latency and energy consumption and at the same time is highly accurate in terms of the model given privacy constraints. In this direction, we come up with a multi agent—deep deterministic policy gradient (MA‐DDPG) agent that allocates resources in a distributed manner and a hierarchical federated learning (HFL) system with delay‐sensitive aggregation to train models privately. Extensive simulation findings indicate that the presented framework can achieve 4.2 ms latency, 99.92% reliability, and 96.2% federated (global) model accuracy and 67% minimization of communication overhead, all of which are superior to baseline and the state‐of‐the‐art approaches in a variety of measures.
Tanvir Habib Sardar, Gousia Thahniyath, Ahlam Almusharraf et al.· Transactions on Emerging Tel...· 0 citations
Federated learning (FL) offers a promising approach to training machine learning models on decentralized data sources without directly exchanging data. However, FL systems are vulnerable to Byzantine attacks, where malicious participants can inject faulty model updates, compromising model accuracy and potentially causing significant harm. This paper proposes a novel framework for distributed federated learning with Byzantine fault tolerance, utilizing a blockchain-based verification layer. Our system employs a distributed consensus mechanism on a blockchain to validate model updates generated by participating nodes. This approach provides a robust, trustless environment, guaranteeing data integrity and ensuring model accuracy even in the presence of malicious actors. The core claim is the implementation of FL systems with Byzantine fault tolerance through blockchain verification. The core mechanism involves local model training followed by blockchain recording of updates and distributed consensus verification. This work represents a significant advancement by integrating the benefits of FL with the security and immutability offered by blockchain technology. We demonstrate a viable path toward building resilient and reliable FL systems for diverse applications.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
AI-driven failure detection is becoming essential in industrial manufacturing systems where conventional diagnostic methods often fall short in reliability and live feedback. This paper presents the integration of a modular artificial intelligence framework adapted to overcome these challenges by enabling intelligent fault monitoring systems. The proposed architecture consists of four integrated layers: a Sensor-Derived Adaptive Envelope Layer (SDAEL) for preprocessing and converting complex input signals; an Intelligent Deviation Mapping Engine (IDME), which utilizes a integration of One-Class Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for failure detection; a Failure Insight Notification Core (FINC) for real-time fault categorization; and a Federated Learning and Recovery Engine (FLARE) that enables secure, decentralized data updates across interlinked nodes. This framework can enables early fault detection in various manufacturing machine sectors. To validate this approach, an experimental deployment of the framework on a plastic bottle manufacturing machine that operated under changing conditions was conducted. The experimental evaluation showed improved detection accuracy and faster responsiveness compared to conventional diagnostic methods. Also Comparative benchmarking demonstrated that FLARE achieved a higher Precision of 0.80, Recall of 0.85, and an F1-score of 0.85, outperforming isolated LACSF models (F1-score 0.72) and LSTM-autoencoders (F1-score 0.62) by 13 and 23 points, respectively.This highlights the framework’s potential to improve fault diagnostics.
Faisal Ahamed Shaikh, SUDIPT PANTA, R. Ravi Kumar et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
Federated learning (FL) offers a promising approach to training machine learning models on decentralized data, preserving data privacy. However, traditional differential privacy (DP) mechanisms often introduce significant noise into the global model updates, leading to substantial accuracy degradation. This paper presents a novel personalized differential privacy (P-DP) scheme for FL, where the noise level is dynamically adjusted based on the sensitivity of individual user data. We introduce a method for calculating per-user sensitivity values, considering local data distributions, and then employ adaptive noise scaling to minimize the privacy-utility trade-off. The proposed approach aims to achieve a better balance between privacy guarantees and model accuracy compared to standard DP methods in FL. The core contribution lies in the personalized allocation of the differential privacy budget, optimizing the system for a given application. Experimental results, although not presented here due to the focus on the method itself, would demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Jincheng Zhang· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
A new machine-learning framework aims to improve the success rate of computational protein design while moving away from results that reproduce sequences found in nature.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduAug 24, 2026
A new method for surgically removing training examples from a model reveals that as datasets grow, the link between what a model learns and what it produces dissolves.
