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large language models

2,378 papers

#large language models Book Open access Oct 2026

Statistical Inference in Reinforcement Learning: A Selective Survey

Reinforcement learning (RL) is concerned with how intelligence agents take actions in a given environment to maximize the cumulative reward they receive. In healthcare, applying RL algorithms could assist patients in improving their health status. In ride-sharing platforms, applying RL algorithms could increase drivers...

Chengchun Shi · 0 citations
#data science Open access Oct 2026

Principles of Good Scientific Practice in Geoinformatics: From Data Management to Reproducible Code

Principles of Good Scientific Practice in Geoinformatics: From Data Management to Reproducible Code Trial lecture (Probevorlesung, § 13 HabilO) for the Venia Legendi in Geovisual Analytics at the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden (October 15, 2026, Dresden, Germany). Reflecting the core...

Alexander Dunkel · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Weighted Proportional Conflict Redistribution for Heterogeneous LLM Ensembles

Smaller language models often exhibit high confidence in erroneous predictions, undermining traditional ensemble methods. In heterogeneous ensembles, simple averaging can grant disproportionate influence to overconfident but incorrect outputs. This paper introduces a reliability-weighted extension of the Proportional C...

Anas Dahabiah · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Large Language Model-Enabled Systems for Pediatric Speech and Language Assessment: A Scoping Review

Pediatric speech and language assessment supports the early identification of communication difficulties and access to timely intervention. Large language models (LLMs) and related generative artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly being incorporated into systems that analyze children’s speech and languag...

Christos Papanikolaou, Eleftheria Geronikou, Betty Kollia et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Do large language models know which published articles have been retracted?

Purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) can be helpful for literature search and summarization but retracted articles can confuse them. It is therefore important to know how aware LLMs are of retractions. Design/methodology/approach Three open-weight (offline) LLMs were asked whether 161 high-profile retracted articles ha...

Mike A Thelwall · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Open access Oct 2026

Breaking Bottlenecks in Solid Electrolyte Discovery With Large Artificial Intelligence Models

Solid electrolytes (SEs) are central to next-generation metal batteries, yet their discovery remains constrained by fragmented data, limited transferability of simulations, and slow experimental iteration. Unlike catalysis, where surface reactivity dominates, SEs require simultaneous optimization of bulk ion transport,...

Eric Jianfeng Cheng, Min Hong, Zhiquan Zeng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Book Open access Oct 2026

Closed Source: The God that Failed

A position paper arguing that closed source has failed as a protection, for science first. Large language models now decompile binaries into re-executable source; black-box queries extract parts of production models; distillation copies capabilities at industrial scale; and the largest 2026 trade-secret dispute in arti...

Matheus Hoffmann Fernandes Santos · 1 citation
#large language models Book Open access Nov 2026

Multidimensional Evaluation of LLM-Generated MPC Programs

Large language models can generate programs that compile and pass functional tests, but these outcomes are insufficient for evaluating code in secure multi-party computation (MPC). MPC programs must also follow the target interface's programming constraints, implement the requested algorithm, and satisfy the stated sec...

Kou Matsuda, Kana Shimizu · 0 citations
#large language models Book Open access Nov 2026

Out of Tune: How Different Fine-Tuning Methods Affect Information Security

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) enables task specialization but introduces privacy risks through training data memorization. Practitioners deploying fine-tuned LLMs in sensitive domains such as medicine, law, and finance must choose among fine-tuning methods without clear guidance on the privacy implications o...

Joseph Moretto, Hunter Moore · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Oct 2026

Have You Been Convinced? A Neuro-symbolic Argumentation Reasoning Approach to Detecting Persuasiveness in ChangeMyView Discussions

Argument structures represent how individual arguments interact within a discourse. However, leveraging these structures to infer meaningful knowledge remains challenging, as it requires a formal representation of how argumentative influence propagates across the structure. We propose Neuro-symbolic Argumentation Reaso...

Siddharth Bhargava, Sara Tonelli, Patricia Mart\'in-Rodilla · 0 citations

AI-Generated Synthetic Personas and Gender Representation in Large Language Models: Participatory and Feminist Perspectives on Emergent Technologies

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into creative and decision-making processes, raising critical questions about their role in shaping knowledge and understanding. This dissertation examines the emerging phenomenon of LLM-generated synthetic personas (SP) and its implications for design proc...

Helena A. Haxvig · 0 citations
#large language models Review Oct 2026

Large language models for patient-facing consultation in elective aesthetic and appearance-related plastic surgery: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to provide patient-facing health information, yet evidence regarding their performance in elective aesthetic and appearance-related plastic surgery consultation remains heterogeneous. This review evaluated the scope, quality, usability, safety, and technical...

Yun-Zhi Shen, Xi-Ngai Ju, Yi-Han Sun et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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