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machine learning

17,191 papers

#machine learning Preprint Jun 2026

PriFT: Guiding Supervised Fine-Tuning with Pretrained Priors

PriFT (Prior-support guided Fine-Tuning), which derives token weights from a frozen pretrained reference to obtain a stable reweighting signal unaffected by fine-tuning, achieves state-of-the-art results among SFT baselines, while also providing a stronger initialization for subsequent RL.

Ke Wang, Shuang-Qi Li, Mathieu Salzmann et al. · 2 citations · ⚡2
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Investigating and Alleviating Harm Amplification in LLM Interactions

Large language models (LLMs) can serve as helpful assistants, yet they can equally function as harm amplifiers that enable malicious users to achieve harmful outcomes beyond their capabilities through extended interactions. This risk manifests along two axes, i.e., democratizing domain expertise that allows novices to...

Ruohao Guo, Wei Xu, Alan Ritter · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LatentRAG: Latent Reasoning and Retrieval for Efficient Agentic RAG

Single-step retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) provides an efficient way to incorporate external information for simple question answering tasks but struggles with complex questions. Agentic RAG extends this paradigm by replacing single-step retrieval with a multi-step process, in which the large language model (LLM)...

Yijia Zheng, Marcel Worring · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Semantic Needles in Document Haystacks: Sensitivity Testing of LLM-as-a-Judge Similarity Scoring

We propose a scalable, multifactorial experimental framework that systematically probes LLM sensitivity to subtle semantic changes in pairwise document comparison. We analogize this as a needle-in-a-haystack problem: a single semantically altered sentence (the needle) is embedded within surrounding context (the hay), a...

Sinan G. Aksoy, Alexandra A. Sabrio, Erik VonKaenel et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Real-world Human Behavior Simulation: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Long-horizon, Cross-scenario, Heterogeneous Behavior Traces

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has illuminated the potential for a general-purpose user simulator. However, existing benchmarks remain constrained to isolated scenarios, narrow action spaces, or synthetic data, failing to capture the holistic nature of authentic human behavior. To bridge this gap, we int...

Jiawei Chen, Ruoxi Xu, Boxi Cao et al. · 0 citations

ActTail: Global Activation Sparsity in Large Language Models

ActTail is proposed, a TopK magnitude-based activation sparsity method with global activation sparsity allocation grounded in Heavy-Tailed Self-Regularization (HT-SR) theory that improves both perplexity and downstream task performance at high sparsity compared to uniform allocation.

Wen-Wen Hou, Xin-Yuan Song, Wen-Qian Weng et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Robust and Fine-Grained Detection of AI Generated Texts

An ideal detection system for machine generated content is supposed to work well on any generator as many more advanced LLMs come into existence day by day. Existing systems often struggle with accurately identifying AI-generated content over shorter texts. Further, not all texts might be entirely authored by a human o...

Ram Mohan Rao Kadiyala, Siddartha Pullakhandam, Kanwal Mehreen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can JEV Support Clinical Trial Criteria Assessment?

Clinical trial prescreening requires distinguishing unmet conditions from insufficient evidence in patient records. Given patient records, criterion questions, and predefined answer options, we retrospectively compared JEV, a non-generative decision model returning native option probabilities, with schema-constrained Q...

Mengxian He, Ziyue Gao, Chun Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Quantitative Generalization Bounds for Multi-Layer Transformers: A Few Long Strings can Beat Many Short Ones

Transformer-based language models exhibit an astonishing capacity to generalize to longer and more difficult problem instances than those seen in training. However, theoretical understanding of this phenomenon still lags behind. Unlike most machine learning models, the generalisation abilities of transformers inherentl...

Marius Henry, Michael Rizvi-Martel, Michael Hahn · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MiRL: Error-Targeted Reinforcement Learning for Correcting Terminal Agent Misbehaviors

Error-targeted learning gives a legible way to improve a model: identify specific weaknesses of the model, train the model to fix these weaknesses, and check whether the weaknesses are fixed. We study how to apply error-targeted learning to terminal agents, which solve long-horizon tasks specified in natural language b...

Runchu Tian, Zaid Khan, Zun Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

S3AC: Stabilized, Selective, and Scalable Actor-Critic for LLM Reasoning

Critic-free methods are widely used in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, avoiding difficult and costly critic training. Common alternatives lack token-level credit assignment and typically rely on grouped rollouts to estimate prompt-specific baselines. A cr...

Shuo Shen, Guangran Cheng, Chengqi Lyu et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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