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18,068 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

The Sign Code: The Hidden Binary Nature of Deep Networks

The natural unit of analysis for these networks may not be through their continuous weight space but instead through their discrete sign codes, which generalize well when same-class inputs share similar sign codes.

N. Göring, Shuo Zhang, Roi Holtzman et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Many, but How Sure? Class Competition as a Confidence Proxy in Multi-Class Density-Based Counting

Multi-class density estimators can count objects in crowded scenes, but their class-wise outputs offer no indication of how reliably density mass has been allocated. We introduce a training-free confidence proxy based on local competition between the strongest class channels. The resulting prominence measure requires o...

Villanelle O'Reilly, Georgios Leontidis, Marc Hanheide · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

When Magnitude Suffices: Reconstructing Time-Domain-Gated Microwave Signals Without Phase on a Thoracic Phantom

Time-domain gating separates the arrivals that form a microwave S-parameter measurement. It requires the measurement of complex values, so this application almost always uses a vector network analyzer (VNA). We show that, on one calibrated measurement configuration, the gated magnitude the VNA would give can be reconst...

Maciej K. Cichoń, Patrycja Gołaś, M. Bartosik et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Boundary Detection for High-Dimensional Point Clouds

We introduce two new methods for boundary detection in high-dimensional point cloud data, intended to work in situations with non-uniform density, high ambient dimension, and substantial noise. Our first method fits a separating hyperplane on local neighborhoods after doing local dimension reduction---this method works...

Abigail Hickok, Valerio Galanti, Osama Al-Dalahmah et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

BMuon: Budgeting Muon's Spectral Geometry for Structured Compressibility

Muon has emerged as a strong optimizer for neural network training and admits an interpretation as steepest descent under a spectral-norm geometry. Yet we find that Muon-trained Transformers can degrade sharply when their MLP hidden channels are pruned after training. To reconcile Muon's optimization performance with s...

Rida Assalouh, Tom Jacobs, Rebekka Burkholz et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Beyond Expected Values: Risk-Sensitive Planning with Distributional Monte-Carlo Tree Search

Experiments on stochastic planning benchmarks show that distributional Q-edges improve lower-tail return and reduce catastrophic outcomes when mean-optimal and risk-sensitive behavior differ, and two distributional MCTS algorithms that maintain finite-support empirical backup laws at Q-edges are introduced.

Q. Trinh, Trung Nguyen, N. Nguyen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Out of Support, Not Out of Reach: In-Context Learning with Unsupported Instructions and Composed Tasks

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables pretrained LLMs to adapt to downstream tasks from a small set of input-output demonstrations, without parameter updates. Yet existing theory primarily explains ICL as identifying a latent task already represented in pretraining, leaving unclear whether ICL can succeed when either the i...

Xu-Han Tong, Yu-Chen Zeng, Jia-Wei Zhang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty-aware AI-enabled framework for predicting hydrogen dispersion in confined spaces to enhance operator situational awareness

We present a two-stage AI-enabled framework for enhancing operator situational awareness during compressed hydrogen bunkering in maritime confined spaces. In the event of a leak, the framework first estimates the unknown leakage rate from early sensor readings and then forecasts how the hydrogen cloud will disperse ove...

Niclas Flehmig, Mary Ann Lundteigen, Shen Yin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Topological Signature of Learning under Noisy Labels

How does noisy supervision change the representations learned by a neural network? Training accuracy measures agreement with training labels but provides little information about representation geometry. We use persistent homology to track loop structure across distance thresholds in neural activations. Experiments spa...

Zhongtian Sun, Fan Mo, Prayag Tiwari et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Predictable Scaling: Efficient Model Exploration via Scaling-Law Prediction

Evaluating candidate changes (hypotheses) to recommendation models requires full-scale training runs consuming thousands of GPU-hours, severely limiting the hypothesis space engineers can feasibly explore. We introduce Predictable Scaling (PS), a systematic framework that exploits empirically verified regularity condit...

Aishwarya Wesanekar, Sheng-Tao Yang, Jiawei Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Regularized free deconvolution for spectral repair of resampling distortion in high-dimensional particle filters

Resampling is the standard remedy for weight degeneracy in particle filters, but in high dimensions it distorts the spectrum of the ensemble covariance in a way that is computable from the importance weights. This paper studies the inverse problem: recovering the pre-resampling spectrum from the observed weights and th...

Deming Song, Chi-Kin Lam, Kefeng Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RECREG: Recovery-based Shielding for Regular Safety Properties in Reinforcement Learning

In many real-world scenarios we need to consider formal requirements, such as safety and constraint compliance, to deploy Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. In this paper we introduce RecReg, a safe RL framework capable of enforcing non-Markovian regular safety properties via recovery-based shielding. RecReg is a unif...

Alexander W. Goodall, Francesco Belardinelli · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

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