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18,068 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LoopQ: Quantization for Looped Language Models

Looped language models (LoopLMs) increase effective computational depth by repeatedly applying shared Transformer blocks without increasing the parameter count. However, this reuse makes them particularly sensitive to post-training quantization (PTQ). We systematically study PTQ in LoopLMs and identify three sources of...

Rui Fang, Hsi-Wen Chen, Chia-Ming Cheng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

$\alpha$-TCAV: A Unified Framework for Testing with Concept Activation Vectors

Concept Activation Vectors (CAV) and the Testing with CAVs (TCAV) method are fundamental tools for concept-based explainability in deep learning, yet their practical utility is limited by the variability across different samples of concept and non-concept examples. We analyze this stochastic nature of CAVs, and identif...

Ekkehard Schnoor, Jawher Said, Malik Tiomoko et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Concurrency without Model Changes: Future-based Asynchronous Function Calling for LLMs

Function calling, also known as tool use, is a core capability of modern LLM agents but is typically constrained by synchronous execution semantics. Under these semantics, LLM decoding is blocked until each function call completes, resulting in increasing end-to-end latency. In this work, we introduce AsyncFC, a pure e...

Guangyu Feng, Huanzhi Mao, Prabal Dutta et al. · 0 citations

Discrete MeanFlow: One-Step Generation via Conditional Transition Kernels

Discrete MeanFlow is introduced, a theoretical finite-state formulation that replaces point motion with probability-mass transport and validate the identity on exact finite-state Markov chains, demonstrating that the learned kernel recovers the analytical ground truth with high precision.

Fairoz Nower Khan, Nabuat Zaman Nahim, Md Sajid Ahmed et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond GRPO and On-Policy Distillation: An Empirical Sparse-to-Dense Reward Principle for Language-Model Post-Training

In settings where labeled verifiable training data is the binding constraint, each checked example should be allocated to the model and reward density where it is most informative. We identify a reward-density principle: sparse sequence-level reward is most useful on models that can explore and discover better behavior...

Yuanda Xu, Hejian Sang, Zhengze Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Discrete Flow Matching for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning

Many reinforcement learning (RL) tasks have discrete action spaces, but most generative policy methods based on diffusion and flow matching are designed for continuous control. Meanwhile, generative policies usually rely heavily on offline datasets and offline-to online RL is itself challenging, as the policy must impr...

Fairoz Nower Khan, Nabuat Zaman Nahim, Peizhong Ju · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multimodal synthesis of MRI and tabular data with diffusion in a joint latent space via cross-attention

We propose a multimodal latent diffusion model that jointly synthesizes volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tabular clinical data within a shared latent space via cross-attention. This approach enables coherent joint representation learning of MRI and tabular modalities for generative modeling. Our model ut...

Daniel Mensing, Jan Kapar, Jochen G. Hirsch et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AdaGamma: State-Dependent Discounting for Temporal Adaptation in Reinforcement Learning

The discount factor in reinforcement learning controls both the effective planning horizon and the strength of bootstrapping, yet most deep RL methods use a single fixed value across all states. State-dependent discounting is a natural way to adapt temporal credit assignment to local state structure, but naively learni...

Yaomin Wang, Jianting Pan, Ran Tian et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint May 2026

Selective Successor Eligibility Traces for RLVR

This work proposes Selective Successor Eligibility Traces (S-trace), an critic-free eligibility trace method that enables more effective credit assignment and establishes an upper bound on its discrepancy from the raw eligibility traces-based policy gradient estimator.

Chao-Li Mou, Xin-Ning Chen, Zhan Zhuang et al. · 5 citations

Refining Compositional Diffusion for Reliable Long-Horizon Planning

Refining Compositional Diffusion (RCD) is proposed, a training-free guidance method that steers compositional sampling toward high-density, globally coherent plans and demonstrates that RCD consistently outperforms existing methods.

Kyowoon Lee, Yunhao Luo, Anh Tong et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dependency Parsing Across the Resource Spectrum: Evaluating Architectures on High and Low-Resource Languages

Transformer-based models achieve state-of-the-art dependency parsing for high-resource languages, yet their advantage over simpler architectures in low-resource settings remains poorly understood. We evaluate four parsers---the Biaffine LSTM, Stack-Pointer Network, AfroXLMR-large, and RemBERT---across twelve typologica...

Kevin Guan, Happy Buzaaba, Christiane Fellbaum · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PermaFrost-Attack: Stealth Pretraining Seeding(SPS) for planting Logic Landmines During LLM Training

Aligned large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulation, and their reliance on web-scale pretraining creates a subtle but consequential attack surface. We study Stealth Pretraining Seeding (SPS), a threat model in which adversaries distribute small amounts of poisoned content across stealth w...

Harsh Kumar, Rahul Maity, Tanmay Joshi et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

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