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#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

LoOPSD: On-Policy Self-Distillation with Looped Teachers

On-policy self-distillation improves a model using guidance from the model itself, but it still requires a teacher that provides more useful predictions than the student. Existing approaches obtain such guidance by giving the teacher additional context or instructions. We ask whether it can instead come from changing h...

Wei Fan, Qing-Yue Yang, Chao-Hong Tan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Do Learned Blocks Preserve Causal Meaning? Block Identifiability and Constructive Causal Abstractions

Standard identifiability theory assumes one-dimensional latent factors, but learned representations can encode latent information across multidimensional blocks whose internal coordinates are not uniquely determined. When such blocks are used to represent and intervene on higher-level concepts, it is unclear whether th...

Karim Zaghw, Wieland Brendel, Patrik Reizinger · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

H-DDCM: Hadamard Codebooks for Fast Generative Image and Video Compression

Training-free diffusion-based compression methods repurpose the generative priors of a diffusion or a flow model to compress data without retraining them as task-specific codecs. Recent codebook-based approaches such as Turbo-DDCM achieve strong perceptual quality at ultra-low bitrates, but their reliance on dense Gaus...

Or Ronai, Vladimir Kulikov, T. Michaeli · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Missingness Follows the Graph: Beyond Feature Propagation for Missing Features

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) commonly assume that node features are fully observed, despite missing features being pervasive in real-world applications. By leveraging the dependence between node features and graph structure, existing graph-specific methods handle missingness by propagating observed feature values along...

Enrico Chial\`a, Francesco Ferrini, Antonio Longa et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

A CaLLM Judge is a Better Judge: Mitigating Bias in LLM-as-a-judge

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as judges to predict which of two candidate answers a human evaluator would prefer, providing a scalable alternative when human evaluation is too costly. Unfortunately, LLM judgments can exhibit systematic biases. Prior work has documented position, verbosity or model...

Cesare Barbera, Luca Stradiotti, Lorenzo Cascioli et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty Evaluation: Bridging Machine Learning and Measurement Science

Reliable uncertainty evaluation is essential for assessing the trustworthiness of machine learning (ML) predictions, particularly in safety-critical applications. This paper explores conceptual analogies between uncertainty evaluation in ML and measurement science, drawing on the evolution of metrology from error-based...

Dario Petri, Luca Mari · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

From Policy Evaluation to Off-Policy Control: Provable Emergence of In-Context Q-Learning

Transformers can implement reinforcement-learning algorithms in context, yet how off-policy control emerges within Transformers remains poorly understood. We study Q-learning, a foundational model-free control algorithm that combines off-policy bootstrapping with greedy policy improvement. We prove that a two-layer att...

Ying-Jun Mo, Ya-Jie Zhao, Fang-yuan Kong · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

inLoRA-MINT: Internal Representations for Auditing Training Data in Domain-adapted LLMs

This work investigates the application of the Membership Inference Test (MINT) to large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with LoRA, aiming to determine whether specific samples were used during training and address concerns about data privacy, leakage, and transparency. Building on our previous LoRA-MINT framework, wh...

Gonzalo Mancera, J. Fiérrez, Aythami Morales et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

High-fidelity Three-Dimensional Flow Field Reconstruction Driven by Turbulent Fluid Dynamics

High-fidelity three-dimensional turbulent flow fields are essential for scientific and engineering analyses, yet obtaining them through direct numerical simulation or high-resolution measurements remains expensive. Super-resolution reconstruction from coarse-grained data therefore offers a promising alternative, but re...

Han-Lin Kong, Jia-Nan Wei, Yun-Tian Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can Machine Learning Potentials Be More Accurate Than the Methods They Are Trained On?

Although machine learning potentials (MLPs) generalize across configurational and chemical compound spaces, their accuracy is commonly believed to be limited by their training methods, with improvements beyond this limit achieved so far only by refitting to experimental observables. In this Perspective, we argue that M...

Pavlo O. Dral, Yi-Fan Hou, Yuxinxin Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ChampionKV: Head-Wise Adaptive Budget Allocation for KV Cache Compression

Some observation-window-based KV cache compressors use prompt attention to identify important tokens but allocate uniform or predefined budgets across heads, overlooking input-dependent differences in budget demand. We propose ChampionKV, an input-adaptive head-wise budget allocator for long-context KV cache compressio...

Yuechuan Chen, Yanda Guo, Xiaoxi Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Correcting or Continuing? What On-Policy Distillation Learns from Student Errors

On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student on its own rollouts under a frozen teacher, mitigating the distribution mismatch of off-policy supervision. While prior work has primarily trained on problems a student can largely solve, we ask whether OPD can improve a student when training is restricted to problems it cu...

Shuo Yang, Zhe-Yu Zhang, Mahito Sugiyama et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

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