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18,068 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Echo: Error-Compensated 4-Bit Tensor-Parallel Communication for LLM Training and Inference

Tensor parallelism ends every layer with an all-reduce that sits between two dependent matrix multiplications, so its cost cannot be hidden and grows as compute outpaces interconnect bandwidth. Sending 4-bit instead of 16-bit values would cut this cost by nearly 4x, but the all-reduce must add the values it carries, an...

Xingyu Xie, Xiaoyong Xie, Zhouchen Lin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Harness^2: Recursive Agent Harnessing for an Open World

LLM agents' capabilities depend not only on their underlying models but also on their execution harnesses. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) offers a promising approach to automatically evolve these harnesses. However, deploying RSI in open-world settings still faces two critical challenges. First, open-world tasks are...

Ruiyao Xu, Yanfei Chen, Zhongying CuiZhu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Visualizing the World Model in an Agent's Value Function

This work applies counterfactual interventions to explore if the value function of a Proximal Policy Optimization agent forms a world model of the Crafter environment, and learns concepts such as the rules governing when a diamond is collectible, water and food having an impact on health, heuristics regarding inventory...

Shawheen Naderi, Fatemeh Akherati, Yu-Bei Chen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Artificiality's First Exam: An LLM-Referenced C-test for Supraintelligence

Under the accelerated pace of AI development, any benchmark whose difficulty is calibrated with humans or current AI systems becomes circular, or saturates soon. How can we then evaluate machines that may become more capable than the current machines and the people who write the tests? One answer to the question hinges...

José Hernández-Orallo · 0 citations
#machine learning Open access Oct 2026

The Geography of Algorithmic Judgment: LLM Intermediaries, Place Identity, and Racial Steering in Housing Search

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly assuming an intermediary role in housing search through the integration of listing platforms within conversational interfaces, mediating access to information, search, and recommendations within urban settings. We expand on prior work on racial steering in LLMs by conducting a b...

Hana Samad, Trung Lam, Christoph Mügge-Durum et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Particle-based Generalised Stochastic Optimisation

We develop a class of general diffusion-based stochastic particle optimisation methods for loss functions with intractable gradients. Specifically, we consider problems in which the loss gradient is an integral with respect to a parameter-dependent distribution, a structure that includes training generative models, fin...

Jiechen Jackie Zhang, O. Deniz Akyildiz · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

H-OPD: Confidence Aware Heterogeneous Multi-Teacher Multimodal On-policy Distillation

On-policy distillation (OPD) has recently emerged as an effective post-training paradigm by providing supervision on student-generated trajectories. However, existing OPD methods for multimodal reasoning usually rely on a static teacher routing, assigning each sample to a single teacher based on modality or task type....

Qixiang Yin, Huanjin Yao, Yuchen Cai et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Lesion-DDPM: Lesion-Enhanced 3D Diffusion for MS MRI Synthesis

3D FLAIR MRI is widely recommended as one of the standard MRI sequences for brain imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS), but publicly available MS datasets remain relatively small and vary across scanners, acquisition protocols, and lesion patterns. This scarcity and variability hinder the development of robust neuroimagi...

Weidong Zhang, Yongchan Jung, Shafayat Mowla Anik et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Unsupervised Identification and Removal of Spurious Correlations During Fine-Tuning

Fine-tuning a pretrained language model on a curated dataset can produce spurious correlations between the fine-tuning task and unintended latent factors---such as misaligned personas or political slant---that the curation procedure has entangled with the task. The model can latch onto these spurious correlations, lead...

Ciar\'an M. Gilligan-Lee, Joseph Egan, Yuchen Zhu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Is TabPFN the Silver Bullet for Insurance Pricing?

Modelling claim frequency and severity for non-life insurance pricing predominantly relies on generalised linear models (GLMs), with gradient-boosted machines as the leading machine learning alternative. Tabular foundation models (TFMs) present a fundamentally different inference paradigm. By pre-training on large coll...

Bruno Deprez, Wouter Verbeke, Tim Verdonck · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cross-View Attention Fusion Net: A Prior-Guided Dual-View Representation Learning for Cardiac Output Estimation from Short-Term PPG Signals

Accurate cardiac output (CO) estimation from photoplethysmography (PPG) is promising for unobtrusive hemodynamic monitoring, but remains difficult since CO is jointly determined by cardiac function and vascular tone. Conventional feature-based models use physiologically meaningful PPG descriptors, yet depend on accurat...

Yaowen Zhang, Bo Cui, Libera Fresiello et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Stochastic Compositional Optimization via Hybrid Momentum Frank--Wolfe

Stochastic compositional optimization minimizes $F(f(x), x)$ over a compact convex set when the inner map $f$ is available only through noisy samples. We propose Hybrid Momentum Stochastic Frank--Wolfe, a projection-free method for outer functions $F$ that are jointly convex and Lipschitz but not necessarily differenti...

El Mahdi Chayti, Mohamad Fakhouri · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

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