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neuroscience

180 papers

#natural language process... Open access Sep 2026

Word-Class and Construction-Like Structure Emerges in Neural Successor Representations Trained on Natural Language

Language models are typically trained to predict the next token in a sequence. Here, we explore an alternative predictive principle from reinforcement learning: Successor Representations (SRs), which model the expected discounted distribution of future states rather than the immediate next state. We transfer this frame...

Mathis Immertreu · 0 citations
#neuroscience Preprint Sep 2026

Slow-Fast Brain-Computer Interfaces: Preventing Neuroadaptive Overfitting in AI-Mediated Neural Interfaces

This Perspective argues that AI-mediated BCIs should be evaluated not only by decoding accuracy and task performance, but also by how AI assistance is deployed: when systems act autonomously, seek confirmation, preserve user effort or return control to the user.

Aarthy Nagarajan · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

A Common Measure of Communication for Speech Brain-Computer Interfaces

Deriving open-vocabulary mutual information (OVMI), an information-theoretic quantity that measures the information conveyed by a decoder relative to a reference distribution over the words a user may wish to communicate, provides the speech BCI community with a principled way to compare heterogeneous systems, improve...

D. Jayalath, Benjamin Ballyk, Oiwi Parker Jones · 3 citations
#machine learning Open access Apr 2026

Leakage-audited benchmarking reveals limited evidence for cross-subject auditory-evoked EEG vowel perception decoding

Evidence for reliable cross-subject five-vowel decoding is limited within this dataset and protocol, and the benchmark provides a reproducible chain from source rows to retained epochs, predictions, participant-level metrics, multiplicity-adjusted inference, and bounded diagnostic analyses.

Xiao-Yan Li, Ze-Yan Tao · 0 citations

Emergent Generalization by Representation Learning in Artificial Neural Networks

It is shown that an explicit information bottleneck forcing a recurrent neural network to learn a low-dimensional representation is necessary for rotational and out-of-distribution generalisation in a time-series prediction task, and the ability of neural networks to learn compact, distributed and emergent representati...

Hardik Rajpal, Dan Goodman · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Multiscale Community-Based Fingerprinting of Signed Functional Networks

This work introduces a signed multilayer community detection framework that incorporates both correlated and anti-correlated brain activity to identify subject-specific community structures across tasks and sessions and offers a promising foundation for precision neuroimaging and personalized neuroscience applications.

Sema Athamnah, Selin Aviyente · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Aug 2025

Attention as Conditioning: What Classical Learning Theory Predicts About Linear Transformers

PH-attention is introduced, a Pearce--Hall-inspired rule with an explicit feature-indexed associability state that yields cue-dependent learning rates and is absent from the token-computed gates the authors compare, and predicts a dissociation that survives training on generic in-context association.

Mu Qiao · 1 citation

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