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small language model

3,629 papers

#small language model Open access Sep 2026

GraphThought: A Pilot Study on Graph-Structured Multi-Hop Reasoning with a Single Free-Tier LLM

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting elicits intermediate reasoning steps from large language models (LLMs), but treats reasoning as a strictly linear sequence. Many multi-hop questions instead decompose naturally into a small directed acyclic graph (DAG) of sub-tasks, some of which are mutually independent. We implement G...

Akmal Rustamov · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Structured PREreview of "Training Large Language Models for Small-Molecule Design with Synthetic Task Scaling"

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a Structured PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/22662419. Does the introduction explain the objective of the research presented in the preprint? Yes The introduction explains the objective by setting up a gap and then...

Sneh Pankajbhai Vora · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

The Elephant and the Ant: A Philosophical Study of Magnitude, Fear, Possibility and Existential Power - Vedanta 2.0 | 99+1 Model and Pancha-Sutra

This paper explores the philosophical mystery hidden within the relationship between the Elephant and the Ant. What appears vast is not necessarily complete, and what appears subtle is not necessarily powerless. Through this simple contrast, the study questions human assumptions about magnitude, power, fear, knowledge...

Vedanta2.0 Agyat Agyani · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN REPLIKA TV BOX PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS III SD

Mastering basic English vocabulary in elementary school is a crucial foundation for building students' communication skills; however, the learning process is often hindered by the lack of interactive concrete media, leading to student passivity. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and practical Replika Tv...

Deila Juniati, Puji Ayurachmawati, Etty Pratiwi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Low-Resource SLM Models for Elastic Semantic Search

Semantic search over domain-specific corpora requires an effective embedding model and infrastructure. Elasticsearch’s native semantic_text field and ELSER sparse-vector inference require a commercial Enterprise subscription, inaccessible to most academic institutions. This paper documents the licensing barrier and pre...

S. Cheresharov, Georgi Gustinov, V. Tabakova-Komsalova et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

The Impact of Digital and Artificial Intelligence Technologies on the Improvement of Foreign Language Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing Skills: A Meta‐Analysis

The results demonstrate that digital and AI technologies can effectively support the development of foreign language listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, and suggest that study design, intervention duration and the way multiple technologies are combined may influence estimates of intervention effectiveness.

Yi-Nong Chen, Li-Na Wei · 0 citations

MultiRSF: A Deep Learning Approach for Predicting RNA-Small-Molecule Binding Sites Using Surface Characteristics.

A multimodal deep learning framework that integrates molecular surface fingerprints, contextual sequence embeddings from a pretrained RNA language model and dot bracket secondary structure encoding to predict ligand binding sites on RNA, which provides an accurate and generalizable tool for nucleotide resolution bindin...

Jia-Sai Shu, Wen-Tao Xia, Ying-Jie Zheng et al. · 4 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Toward Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) Framework for Automated Driver Performance Assessment with YOLOv8-Based Scene Detection

An exploratory proof-of-concept framework for automated driver evaluation that combines real-world dashcam footage, YOLOv8-based object detection, and multimodal large language models (MLLMs), specifically Gemini 1.5 Flash is presented.

Mamatha Byreddy, Yara Zayed, Anas M. R. Alsobeh et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Sep 2026

Fine-tuned and AWQ-quantized checkpoints for "Not All 4-bit Quantizers Are Equal"

Model checkpoints used by the artifact's second claim: the fine-tuned Qwen 0.5B checkpoint (wave 1, seed 42) and its AWQ 4-bit quantization. With these, a reviewer replays the claim instead of retraining. Data component of the research artifact of the paper Not All 4-bit Quantizers Are Equal: Deployment-Time Mitigation...

Cristhian Kapelinski, Diego Kreutz · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Not All 4-bit Quantizers Are Equal: Deployment-Time Mitigation of PII Leakage in Fine-Tuned Small Language Models (research artifact)

Research artifact of the paper Not All 4-bit Quantizers Are Equal: Deployment-Time Mitigation of PII Leakage in Fine-Tuned Small Language Models, published at SBSeg 2026 Main Track (full paper). Artifact evaluation (CTA/SBSeg 2026): this artifact was awarded all four seals: Available Artifacts (SeloD), Functional Artif...

Cristhian Kapelinski, Diego Kreutz · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Sep 2026

Analysis of Approach Variations in Arabic Language Curriculum Development: A Literature Study on Models and Their Implementation

Curriculum is a fundamental component of the education system that determines the direction, content, and process of learning. This study analyzes the various approaches used in Arabic language curriculum development and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each approach within the context of Arabic language lear...

Badrul Islam, Maharani Suryadie Putri · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

The Elephant and the Ant: A Philosophical Study of Magnitude, Fear, Possibility and Existential Power - Vedanta 2.0 | 99+1 Model and Pancha-Sutra

This paper explores the philosophical mystery hidden within the relationship between the Elephant and the Ant. What appears vast is not necessarily complete, and what appears subtle is not necessarily powerless. Through this simple contrast, the study questions human assumptions about magnitude, power, fear, knowledge...

Vedanta2.0 Agyat Agyani · 0 citations

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