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small language model

3,629 papers

#small language model Open access Sep 2026

IOLM-DB: Instance-optimized large language model execution for column-scale semantic operators

Large language models (LLMs) can implement row-level semantic transformations over tabular data, but a general-purpose model reserves the same accelerator resources even when every row uses one fixed prompt. IOLM-DB compiles that recurring prompt–column pair into an operator sized to the work it actually does. It sampl...

Bardia Mohammadi, Laurent Bindschaedler · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

When to Escalate: A Cost-Aware Belief Policy for Conversational Agents Under Hidden Intent

A conversational agent replying to inbound sales leads must choose an action before it knows the lead’s intent. It can answer, ask a qualifying question, hold, or escalate to a human, but the true buying-readiness and whether a human is actually needed are hidden. The two ways of being wrong are not equally costly. A m...

Kapardhi Kannekanti · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Semantic anchoring with concise ideal answers outperforms unstructured full course materials as context for multi-LLM automated grading of open-ended questions

Within this setting, concise instructor-defined ideal answers (rather than large volumes of unfiltered course material) yielded the most reliable grading and feedback; within this setting, concise instructor-defined ideal answers yielded the most reliable grading and feedback.

Jorge Cisneros-González, Natalia Gordo-Herrera, Iván Barcia-Santos et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Social Contract as a Generative Relational Process: Agency, Rule Formation, and Effective Freedom

Social-contract arguments often assign capacities, interpretations, options, and reasons to parties at a selected justificatory or bargaining stage. This analytical practice can be appropriate for its declared purpose. It can also omit two dependencies that matter for explanation and, under further premises, for normat...

Wanhong HUANG · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

A Longitudinal Exploratory Case-Series Comparing Morphological Trajectories in Four Early-Implanted Greek-Cypriot Children and Eight Typically Hearing Peers

Whether deaf Greek-Cypriot children with cochlear implants begin using the various forms of the definite article of the Greek language similarly to their typically hearing peers in terms of order of appearance and age is explored and if their MLUm growth correlates with that of typically developing peers is explored.

Elena Yiangou, Marianna Christodoulou Devledian, G. Spanoudis · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

A Controlled Replication of a Self-Model Loop for Language-Model Agents: Controls, Confounds, and Finite-Horizon Path Dependence

An independent, clean-room reimplementation of a self-model loop architecture for language-model agents (the "AC1 loop" described in Lark Laflamme's 2026 AC1-LLM / Laflamme-3T essays). The architecture wraps an LLM with a Bayesian belief over the agent's own interaction stance, re-injected into generation each turn alo...

Grant Wilson · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Sep 2026

AI‐Accelerated Design and Modeling of Organic Electrochemical Energy Materials: From Redox‐Active Molecules to Polymer Electrolytes

This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the computational design and modeling of OEEM materials, tracing the field's shift from small redox‐active molecules toward polymeric electrolytes and electrodes and provides a perspective on where the field is heading.

Zhan-Yun Zhang, Giannis Savvas, Jichen Li et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Implicit semantic control manifolds for learning-enabled multi-UAV coordination

This work presents an embodied visual-communication approach in which bio-inspired motion–LED glyphs are represented by a reduced six-parameter semantic chart embedded within a full 24-dimensional hybrid execution manifold.

Bryan Starbuck, Won Jang, S. Sholapurkar et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Should Businesses Trust AI Advice? A Methodology to Audit the Ethical Integrity of Chatbots

: As Large Language Models (LLMs) move from general-purpose chat to embedded advisors in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a human-centered question becomes urgent: can the systems we ask entrepreneurs to trust sustain a coherent ethical stance when business pressure pushes back? This study addresses that ques...

Manuel Chaves-Maza · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Sep 2026

Distributional Semantics, Holism, and the Instability of Meaning

Abstract Large language models are built on the so-called distributional semantic approach to linguistic meaning that has the distributional hypothesis at its core. The distributional hypothesis involves a holistic conception of word meaning: the meaning of a word depends upon its relations to other words in the model....

Jumbly Grindrod, John Porter, Nat Hansen · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

PlanningCopilot: An agentic framework integrating ESAPI modules for autonomous treatment planning in lung radiotherapy.

PlanCopilot consistently satisfies clinical dosimetric requirements across varying anatomical complexities and improves optimization efficiency through self-learning from prior optimization history.

Hao Guo, Zi-Pai Wang, Tenzin Kunkyab et al. · 1 citation
#large language models Open access Dec 2026

Integrating large language models for automated structural analysis

Automated analysis for engineering structures offers considerable potential for boosting efficiency by minimizing repetitive tasks. Although AI-driven methods are increasingly common, no systematic framework yet leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for automatic structural analysis. This paper proposes a framework th...

Haoran Liang, Mohammad Talebi-Kalaleh, Qi-Pei Mei · 3 citations

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