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small language model

3,366 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

HERA: Harness-Environment Co-Evolution for Reliable Agentic Abstention

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly capable of acting in complex tool-use environments, yet they often fail to recognize when tasks are infeasible and no valid solution exists. Recent work has formalized this reliability gap as the problem of agentic abstention, and existing approaches typically optimize...

Hang Luo, Bing-Bing Wen, Guang Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

ImproveAnyTask: An Autonomous Post-Training Harness for Iterative Model Self-Improvement

Adapting general-purpose large language models to specific tasks requires substantial human effort in designing data and training strategies. Sustaining improvement is especially challenging because model updates change the error distribution, requiring strategies to be continually refined. We introduce ImproveAnyTask,...

Xing-Bo Yao, Xiao-Man Wang, Zheng-Wu Lei et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Do Small Language Models Learn to Negotiate? A Controlled Scaling Study of RL-Trained Sellers

LLM agents are starting to own the full customer experience. Soon, LLMs may be selling and buying on behalf of companies and customers respectively. Small models are more cost-efficient at scale, but can reinforcement learning train them into competent sellers? We train four Gemma 4 checkpoints (2.3B to 31B effective p...

Pedro Tabacof, Sagar Joglekar · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

A Testable Theory of Atomic Features

We develop and test a theory of language model representations in which there exist atomic features. Our main theoretical insight is that in such a model, sparse dictionaries (e.g., SAEs) of increasing size recover an increasing prefix of the most prevalent atoms in the training data. This"recovery principle"yields thr...

Kenny Peng, Jon M. Kleinberg, Nikhil Garg · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Sibyl: An Efficient Small-large Model Collaboration Framework for Long-horizon Tasks

Small language models (SLMs) offer a promising foundation for on-device agents through low-latency, resource-efficient inference, yet limited reasoning and planning capabilities constrain their performance on long-horizon tasks requiring multi-step interaction with the environment. Step-level collaboration between SLMs...

Zhe-Wei Fang, Yu-Xin Zhang, Zhen-Wei Shao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SpecFold: Folding Multi-Branch Redundancy for Faster Speculative Decoding in Diffusion Language Models

Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) generate text through iterative block denoising, and multi-branch speculative decoding accelerates this process by verifying a main branch together with multiple draft branches in a single forward pass. While prior DLLM acceleration methods primarily exploit temporal redundancy a...

Chung-En Ho, Wei-Yu Sun, Cheng-Jhih Shih et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

TCMClinicalReason-Bench: Can Language Models Reason from Pathogenesis to Prescription over Real-World Clinical Cases?

Large language models (LLMs) can generate clinical narratives that are insufficiently grounded in patient-specific evidence. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), errors can propagate from etiology and pathogenesis through syndrome diagnosis and treatment principles to prescription generation. We developed TCMClinical...

Ji Dai, Chen-Kai Zhang, Yan Jia et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Can large language models extract travel history from clinical text? A multi-annotator benchmark study

An annotation framework covering key aspects of travel history, including destination, exposures, travel duration, and multiple temporal variables is developed, used to annotate a corpus of 100 clinical case reports by five clinicians, yielding over 5,000 clinician annotations.

P. Kanithi, A. Pradhan, H. Cui et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Conference Oct 2026

Evaluating Small and Large Language Models in a Self-Correcting Text-to-SQL Agent for Enterprise ERP Reporting

Findings suggest model scaledoes not fully determine performance within a fixed pipeline,supporting compact local models as a practical, low-cost, lowlatencyalternative for enterprise deployment.

S. Shah, Aman Sheikh, S. Nath et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty-Aware Construction of Semantic Scheduling Instances from Incomplete Software Artifacts

Semantic scheduling is formulates as an uncertainty-aware framework that builds an admissible, quality-controlled scheduling instance from incomplete artifacts and optimizes it into feasible calendar-resource schedules.

D. Tyshchenko, V. Antypenko, A. Nenia et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety among Yemeni students in Saudi universities

Yemeni students in Saudi universities occupy an unusual position. They study abroad, yet in a country that shares their language, religion, and much of their culture, while their families remain in a state that has been at war since 2014. Depression and anxiety are common among international students generally, and rec...

Abdulqader Ba Abbad, A. Alasheq, Mohammed Bokir et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 23, 2026

Q&A: How AI came to model the “messy” human mind

Assistant Professor Benjamin Lindquist studies how engineers deliberately injected randomness into early AI, giving rise to deep-learning models that sometimes hallucinate.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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