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small language model

3,445 papers

Protein Language Model–Conditioned Graph Neural Networks for Multitask GPCR Ligand Activity Prediction

Predicting ligand activity across G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) requires models that capture both molecular structure and receptor-specific information while remaining robust to chemical and target-domain shifts. We developed a multimodal graph neural network that combines explicit ligand molecular graphs with fr...

Manashi De, Ekarsi Lodh, Shalini Majumder et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Data scarcity in adaptive learning: Challenges and opportunities with transfer learning and knowledge tracing

Adaptive learning systems personalize instruction by tracking what each student knows and adjusting content to match their current knowledge state. Knowledge Tracing (KT) is the main technique used for this purpose. It has evolved from probabilistic models to deep learning architectures that use attention mechanisms to...

Mithara Fernandopulle, W. Gunathilake, Malshani Hettiarachchi et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Problem Choice Without a Referee: An Automated Novelty Check Certifies an Empty Search, a Rediscovery Benchmark Credits the Hypothesis Humans Found Next, and Every Located Referee of Worth Independent of Proposer and Field Needs the Objective Given

(c) 2026 Pranay Mahendrakar. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Pipelines that claim to automate scientific discovery gate their search on a judgement that a proposed idea or problem is novel and worth pursuing. The best-controlled evidence on that judgement points two ways at once: in a blind study involving more than one hund...

Pranay M. Mahendrakar · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

ΨLM-2: A Constitution Bridge and Dual-Channel Operation on a Frozen Language Model

A frozen language model can be coupled to a frozen partner model through small trainable latent bridges, with no text at the interface: Furui [5] builds such a system around a physics partner, where the quantity being carried is a number the partner computes. This paper asks whether the same channel can carry a disposi...

Ryoji Furui · 0 citations
#large language models Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AdaHome: An Adaptive Smart Home Assistant using Local Small Language Models

Smart home assistants must interpret commands ranging from explicit device control to underspecified and preference-dependent requests. Existing Large Language Model (LLM) smart home systems often use heavyweight reasoning pipelines and cloud deployment, limiting efficiency and suitability for resource-constrained envi...

Eu Jin Lim, Zhaoxing Li, Sebastian Stein · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Certified Knowledge Editing: Closed-Form Reachability Guarantees for Additive Edits to a Frozen Language Model

Knowledge edits to language models are usually validated after the fact. This paper studies the reverse contract: a closed-form certificate, computed before an edit is applied, of exactly which single-token edits can succeed on a frozen decoder-only language model with an additive gated memory. The certificate reduces...

Marius Dima · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Error signals for language-model information extraction: code and data

Code, prompts, raw model outputs and analysis for the paper Detecting erroneous records in information extraction by small language models. Three local models (Qwen2.5-3B, Gemma 3 4B, Qwen2.5-7B in Ollama) turn 1000 MASSIVE en-US requests into JSON records. Each record gets an error score from rule-based validation, di...

Oleksandr Kholodniak · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Error signals for language-model information extraction: code and data

Code, prompts, raw model outputs and analysis for the paper Detecting erroneous records in information extraction by small language models. Three local models (Qwen2.5-3B, Gemma 3 4B, Qwen2.5-7B in Ollama) turn 1000 MASSIVE en-US requests into JSON records. Each record gets an error score from rule-based validation, di...

Oleksandr Kholodniak · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

IMicAP: an intelligent microbial application platform for knowledge-driven microbiome research

The Intelligent Microbial Application Platform (IMicAP), an AI-driven, open-access, AI-powered microbial platform designed to bridge the gap between fragmented microbial data and actionable biological insights, is developed.

Chao-Yu Zhu, Xing Wang, Li-Hui Feng et al. · 0 citations

Blunt Giants, Sharp Specialists: Decoding Stress and Triggers Beyond General-Purpose LLMs

The United Nations sustainable development goals emphasize mental health as essential for inclusive and sustainable development, making stress, an important factor affecting well-being and societal participation, a critical area of study. Leveraging social media data, we propose the emotion-aware stress cause analysis...

Soumitra Ghosh, G. Singh, Khanjan Pathak et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Performance within the foundation paradox: the case for small qualitative evaluations

This paper argues for SQEs as a complementary evaluation strategy for AI systems operating in dynamic, contested, and interdisciplinary settings and introduces small qualitative evaluations (SQEs) as a human-in-the-loop framework for assessing LLM performance in such less-bounded domains.

Michael Simeone, Jacki Hyatt, E. Bienenstock et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Conference Open access Sep 2026

Beyond Models: Building Trusted AI in the Age of Autonomous Agents

This presentation introduces the emerging paradigm of multi-agentic AI in cybersecurity, where systems evolve from passive tools to autonomous decision-making entities. This explores the rise of agentic AI and its transformative impact on modern cybersecurity. As AI systems evolve from assistive tools into autonomous a...

Harsh Verma · 0 citations

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