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small language model

3,445 papers

#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

OR for AI That Does OR: Routing LLMs up the Escalator inside the OSCAR Framework

Large language models can translate business descriptions into optimization models, but executable code may misrepresent constraints or objectives. A solver can then return an optimal solution to the wrong problem. Even when the solution satisfies the intended operating rules, a better plan may exist. For organizations...

Jin-Zhi Bu, Hai-Xin Tang, Hua-Nan Zhang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Ontology-Grounded, Reasoner-Verified Benchmarks for Evaluating LLM Reasoning in Scientific AI

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly underpin scientific AI applications that reason over structured knowledge, from biomedical question answering to materials informatics. However, their logical reasoning often falls short, producing factual inaccuracies unacceptable in these settings. Reliable evaluation remains...

Nishtha N. Vaidya, S. Grimm, T. Hubauer et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Offline Guidance, Online Reasoning: Reusing LLM Feedback for Small Language Models

Reusable Latent Correction (RLC) is proposed, which converts one-off natural-language guidance from a black-box LLM into persistent corrective experiences in the hidden space of an SLM, enabling the SLM to reuse LLM-derived corrections during inference without any online LLM calls.

Bo-Han Zhang, Li-Nan Yue, Weibo Gao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

MGhana-ST: A Low-Resource Speech Translation Dataset for Ghanaian Languages and an Analysis of Multilingual Training Trade-offs

Comparing empirical cross-lingual transfer with typology-based similarity, it is found that transfer BLEU identifies closely interacting language pairs better than URIEL similarity, though neither predicts which varieties benefit from joint training.

Frank Lawrence Nii Adoquaye Acquaye, Eric George Parakal, Jesse Johnson et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Refusals That Bend: Measuring and Predicting Task Malleability in Embodied VLM Planners

Everyday objects, whether placed by an adversary or introduced by ordinary rearrangement of the environment, are thus sufficient to overturn a refusal, and susceptibility to safety bypass is called a property of the task, which it is shown that it can be predicted before the target is ever queried.

Leon Lin, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Muslum Ozgur Ozmen et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Multimodal In-context Learning for ASR of Low-resource Languages

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) still covers only a small fraction of the world’s languages, mainly due to supervised data scarcity. In-context learning (ICL) with large language models (LLMs) addresses this problem, but prior work largely focuses on high-resource languages covered during training and text-only sett...

Zhaolin Li, Jan Niehues · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Claim Limits in AI Audit Records: Naming What a Record Cannot Prove

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act requires high-risk AI systems to record events automatically, requires providers and deployers to keep those logs, and gives authorities access to them. The Act says what logs are for - traceability, monitoring, post-market surveillance - but it does not say what a log proves. That si...

Harish Kumar · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

DEVELOPING STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS

This article analyzes the pedagogical and methodological foundations of developing students’ speaking skills in English language lessons. Speaking skills are regarded as an essential component of communicative competence in foreign language acquisition. The study examines the potential of the communicative approach, Ta...

Khiva City Technical College Sabirova Barno Maksudovna – English Language Teacher · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

太极统一场论指导下的 AI 长期记忆与幻觉消除机制 研究 Research on AI Long-Term Memory and Hallucination Mitigation Mechanism Guided by Taiji Unified Field Theory

当前人工智能大模型在长期记忆保持与幻觉抑制方面面临严峻挑战,其核 心痛点在于缺乏一个能够统筹信息存储与生成约束的统一状态场。本文基于 “太极统一场论”的工程落地探索,提出将长期记忆与 AI 幻觉视为同一对偶约 束在不同区间的显化。本文构建了统一标度 K = 观测尺度/记忆场参考尺度(或 等价的对偶失衡度 K,K∈[-1,1]),并明确了三区间判据:K<0...

Hechun Sun · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Sep 2026

Warrant study: tasks, harness and run records for an exploratory evaluation of evidence-gated acceptance of code written by an AI agent

Materials for an exploratory evaluation of Warrant (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23029803). Twenty small Python command-line tasks, each with plain-language promises, visible checks, hidden checks, an audit suite, a reference implementation and deliberately broken implementations; the validity gates; the harness; Par...

Tiago Miranda de Leao · 0 citations

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