Effect Of Adrenaline (1:80,000) Containing Local Anesthesia On Glycemic Level Of Diabetic Patients And Healthy Individuals Undergoing Tooth Extraction

Abstract

  Background: Tooth extraction under local anesthesia is common in dental practice, and lidocaine/lignocaine with adrenaline is frequently used to improve anesthetic efficacy and hemostasis. However, adrenaline may influence glucose metabolism through adrenergic stimulation, particularly in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Objective: To evaluate the acute glycemic response following administration of adrenaline 1:80,000-containing local anesthesia in healthy individuals and patients with type II diabetes mellitus undergoing tooth extraction. Methods: This comparative analysis included 90 participants divided equally into healthy and diabetic groups. Random blood sugar was assessed before local anesthesia, 5 minutes after local anesthesia, and immediately after extraction. Between-group differences, within-group changes, repeated-measures glycemic response, and adverse events were analyzed. Results: In the healthy group, mean random blood sugar increased from 110.76 ± 26.82 mg/dL at baseline to 117.00 ± 28.26 mg/dL after local anesthesia and 119.50 ± 27.94 mg/dL after extraction. In the diabetic group, values increased from 161.63 ± 36.87 mg/dL to 171.56 ± 41.48 mg/dL and 175.80 ± 42.84 mg/dL, respectively. The net rise from baseline to post-extraction was greater in diabetic participants than in healthy participants, at 14.17 mg/dL versus 8.74 mg/dL. Repeated-measures analysis showed significant effects of time, group, and time-by-group interaction. Minor adverse events were more frequent in diabetic participants but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Adrenaline-containing local anesthesia was associated with a measurable but moderate short-term rise in random blood sugar, with a greater response among diabetic participants. Prospective validation using actual patient-level data is required.